A Preliminary Study on Dust Grains in the Stratosphere  

作　　者：黄伯钧 欧阳自远 傅平秋 高振敏 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Geochemistry,Academia Sinica

出　　处：《Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry》1990年第2期105-114,共10页中国地球化学学报

基　　金：The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.

摘　　要：Collected by means of a high-altitude scientific balloon and a self-made automatic sample collector,a total of 276 dust grains were selected for the study of shape,grain size and optical property.Some of the grains were examined by X-ray diffraction and electrom microprobe techniques,The stratospheric dust grains can be classified as 6 types:cosmic dusts,cosmic dusts(?),microtektite,natural pollutants,artificial pollutants and the unknown substances.The different types of dust grains have different characters and distinguishing symbols.Widespread in the space of the solar system,cosmic dusts are the initial substances of the solar system and ,to some degree,have recorded a great wealth of information on the early history of the solar system.So they have become one of the important objects in the field of cosmochemistry at present time,Since the 1960's,scholars of many countries have collected cosmic dusts both in the space near the earth(using rock ets,space probes and space shuttles)and in the stratosphere (using high-altitude balloons or U-2air planes).According to the shape(the scanning electron microimage),element composition(the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum)and optical properties of dust grains,the substances in the stratosphere can be classified as 5 types:cosmic dusts,alumina spheroids,terrestrial artificial pollutants,terrestrial natural pollutants and unknown substances(CDPET,1982).Collected by means of a high-altitude scientific balloon and a self made automatic sample collector,a to- tal of 276 dust grains were selected for the study of shape,grain size and optical property.Some of the grains were examined by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe techniques.The stratospheric dust grains can be classified as 6 types:cosmic dusts,cosmic dusts ,microtektite,natural pollutants,artificial pollutants and the unknown substances.The different types of dust grains have different characters and dis- tinguishing symbols. Widespread in the space of the solar system,cosmic dusts are the initial substances of the solar system and,to some degree,have recorded a great wealth of information on the early history of the solar system. So they have become one of the important objects in the field of cosmochemistry at present time.Since the 1960's,scholars of many countries have collected cosmic dusts both in the space near the earth (using rock- ets,space probes and space shuttles )and in the stratosphere (using high-altitude balloons or U-2 airplanes). According to the shape (the scanning electron microimage),element composition (the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum)and optical properties of dust grains,the substances in the stratosphere can be classified as 5 types:cosmic dusts,alumina spheroids,terrestrial artificial pollutants,terrestrial natural pollutants and unknown substances (CDPET,1982).

关 键 词：尘埃 光学性能 同温层 X射线 宇宙尘埃 微玻陨石 自然污染物 人为污染 

分 类 号：P421[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]