中国磷资源与磷化工可持续发展  

Phosphorus resource and sustainable development of phosphorus chemical industry in China

作　　者：马鸿文[1] 刘昶江[1,2] 苏双青 孙华[1] 刘梅堂 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)材料科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]昊青薪材(北京)技术有限公司,北京100083 [3]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《地学前缘》2017年第6期133-141,共9页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费(2652015371,2-9-2011-267);中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M580915)

摘　　要：人类活动对磷元素的地球化学过程具有重要影响。中国磷矿石储量仅占世界总量的4.6%,且正面临P_2O_5品位贫化、磷化工过程伴生稀土和氟资源浪费严重、副产磷石膏大量堆存污染环境以及地表水体磷污染等问题。今后一段时间内,二水物硫酸法仍将是湿法磷酸的主流工艺。磷矿伴生稀土和氟的高效回收利用,对于稀土产业和氟化工可持续发展具有重大战略意义,关键在于突破现有的技术瓶颈,研发新的回收利用技术。磷化工过程实现硫资源的循环利用和清洁生产,核心在于突破磷石膏制硫酸关键技术。磷石膏转铵法制硫酸技术实现规模化工程应用,可有效解决中国硫资源短缺问题,根除磷石膏大量堆存造成的环境污染;还将显著减少硫铁矿、石灰石等一次资源开采和温室气体CO_2排放。硅酸钙晶种法回收污水中的磷,进而加工为磷酸、磷肥等产品,则为减少一次磷资源消耗、实现磷资源的循环利用提供了可能。以污水磷回收制取磷酸二氢钾技术为例,表明污水磷回收和磷石膏资源化利用对中国磷资源产业的绿色可持续发展具有重大潜在价值。The phosphorus geochemical cycles have been significantly influenced by human activities. Chinese phosphorus ore reserve only accounts for 4. 6% of the world＇s total; moreover, the phosphorus chemical industry in China is faced with challenges such as grade dilution of P20s, severe loss of associated rare earth elements and fluorine during ore processing, environmental impact of large-scale storage of phosphogypsum as by-product, and phosphorus pollution of surface water body. In the nearly future, sulfuric acid method with gypsum as by-product will still be the principal technique for phosphorus acid production. Therefore, efficient recovery and utilization of associated rare earth elements and fluorine will be of important strategic significance in the sustainable developments of both rare earth and fluorine industries, and their success would depend on new breakthroughs at the current technology bottleneck. For sulfur recycling and clean production in phosphorus chemical industry, the key point is to develop critical techniques of sulfur acid preparation from the phosphogypsum by-product. Hence, The implementation of large-scale engineering application of ammonium- transferred method for sulfur acid preparation will bring such profound relief as efficiently settling sulfur resource shortage in China, removing environmental pollution from phosphogypsum storage, reducing pyrite and limestone mining, and decreasing discharge of greenhouse gas CO2. It will be possible to decrease phosphorus ore consumption and realize the circular utilization of phosphorus resource if phosphorus were recycled from wastewater by calcium silicate crystal method and further processed into phosphorus acid or related chemicals. Taking the technique of producing potassium biphosphate from recycled phosphorous in wastewater as an example, it is demonstrated that both phosphorus recovery from wastewater and utilization of phosphogypsum resource for preparing sulfur acid are of potential significance to a green and sustainable developmen

关 键 词：磷资源 湿法磷酸 磷石膏 伴生稀土 伴生氟 转铵法 磷回收 

分 类 号：TQ126.3[化学工程—无机化工]