论宝玉石成矿作用与宝玉石矿床学  

On the formation of gemstones and geology of gem deposit

作　　者：施光海[1] 刘迎新[1] 袁野[1] 赵欣[1] 刘琰[2] 宋双[1] 张睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)珠宝学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《地学前缘》2017年第6期142-151,共10页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41373055)

摘　　要：宝石矿床学是矿床学与宝石学之间的交叉学科,是联结宝石学与地质学的重要纽带。宝玉石是矿物岩石中的精美部分,是地球物质中的组成部分,是探索地球组成、特征与演化的重要研究对象。随着人们对宝玉石外观特征、特性与效应等成因认识的深化和新的宝玉石种类被发现并应用,宝玉石矿床学正在成长为集地质学与宝石学为一体的、内容丰富的学科。在文中回顾了宝石矿床学的历史与发展,总结了宝玉石资源的分布特点,提出了宝玉石成矿作用并做了简要论述,给出了宝玉石矿床的特点及宝玉石矿床学的研究特征。认为,宝石矿物或岩石的成矿作用是研究宝玉石矿床的基础,然而,要形成首饰级的宝玉石,还需要研究成宝、成玉作用。宝玉石中的很多特性与效应,如变彩、变色、变石、月光等效应的成因机理及特殊结构的研究还有待完善,而关于其在自然条件下形成机理等问题,很多是空白。总的来说,宝玉石矿床学研究内容还不完全、不够系统,很多宝石矿种的成因还停留在推测阶段。预计在很长时间内,宝玉石矿床学研究重点依然是单个矿床(已开采和新发现的)的资料收集与整理,不同产地同种矿物的宝玉石矿的类比与综合分析。Gemstone deposit is an interdisciplinary subiect in ore deposit geology and gemology, it establishes an important bond between gemology and geology. As part of the earth material, gemstone represents a beautiful part of minerals and rocks from our mother planet. In addition, it is an important object of research for exploring composition, characteristic and evolution of the earth. With deeper understanding of gemstones＇ origin of characteristics and effects, accompanied by the discovery and application of new gem varieties, gem deposit has become an informative discipline both in geology and gemology. In this investigation, the history and development of gemstone deposit are reviewed; distribution of gem resources is summarized; and a brief discussion on gem mineralization is presented. We believe it is essential to study gem mineral and gem rock mineralization in order to understand gemstone deposit well, but one also needs to study the formation process of forming iewelry-class gem and jade. In addition, there are quite a number of researches focused on the formation mechanism of gem＇s characteristics and effects, such as play color, aventurescenee, alexandrite and moonlight effects, hut there are much to be learned on how these mechanisms are realized in nature. In general, research contents of gemstone deposit are incomplete and nonsystematic that the formation mechanisms of many gemstones are still under speculation. It is predicted that for a long time to come, researches in gemstone deposit will be foeused on the data collection and documentation of individual deposit cases, as well as comprehensive analogical analysis comparing similar gemstones from different locations.

关 键 词：宝玉石矿床 成玉作用 宝玉石矿床学 成矿作用 宝玉石资源 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P571[天文地球—地质学]