基本权利作为国家权力配置的消极规范——以监察制度改革试点中的留置措施为例  

Fundamental rights as negative norms of state power allocation

作　　者：张翔[1] 赖伟能 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2017年第6期30-40,共11页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家万人计划青年拔尖人才项目

摘　　要：基本权利"限制统治"的功能,不只是要求公权力机关行使职权不得侵害基本权利,还要求国家机构的设置及其权力配置本身不会导致危害基本权利的结果。在此意义上,基本权利是国家权力配置的消极规范。监察制度改革中留置权的创设和配置,也应接受基本权利规范的审查。留置措施对人身自由的限制强度与逮捕类似,在我国《宪法》第37条对组织法立法权限的限制下存在合宪性困难。基本权利教义学虽然接受政党内部规则对党员权利的克减以及公民的"基本权利放弃",但关于留置措施讨论中的"家法说"和"权利放弃论"都较难证立。廉政机构的设置及其权力的配置,应该在宪法框架下积极稳妥推进。Limiting the government is the function of fundamental rights. It not only forbids the governmental agencies from infringing individuals＇ fundamental rights when exercising their power,but also prescribes that the setup of and power distribution power within a governmental agency shall not infringe fundamental rights. In this perspective,the fundamental rights are the negative norms of distributing state power. Therefore,the establishment and enforcement of the detention power in the reformation of administrative supervision shall also conform to the norms of fundamental rights. As detention restraints personal liberty to the extent similar to arrest,a question arise whether such executive action is constitutional in regard to limiting the authority of the Organic Law under the Article 37 of the Constitution of China. Under the legal dogmatism of fundamental rights,the bylaw of governing party may limit the rights of party members and a citizen may renounce his fundamental rights,however,both the domestic discipline and rights renouncement theories of detention action are hardly persuasive. The setup of and power distribution power within an Anti-corruption agency should be actively and steadily pushed forward the reformation under the constitution

关 键 词：人身自由 立法权限 宪法保留 结社自由 基本权利放弃 

分 类 号：D622[政治法律—政治学]