用于压缩空气储能的微米级水雾冷却等温压缩实验研究  

Experimental Research on Micron-sized Water Spray Cooled Quasi-isothermal Compression for Compressed Air Energy Storage

作　　者：许未晴[1,2] 贾冠伟 年炫炜[1,2] 蔡茂林 

机构地区：[1]自动化科学与电气工程学院北京航空航天大学,北京100191 [2]气动热力储能与供能北京市重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《液压与气动》2017年第12期1-8,共8页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51375028;51605013)

摘　　要：压缩空气储能(CAES)是一种大规模储能技术,可以用于调节城市电力供需,缓解用电高峰电力短缺,减少电网容量建设。目前,储能技术逐渐开始应用于城市,当电价下降时,采用电池储存电力,价格上升时,释放电力,利用峰谷电价差实现盈利。与电池相比,CAES容量大(100 MWh,电池小于10 MWh)、环保(无重金属污染),使用寿命长。但由于储能效率过低,通过电价差盈利空间小,投资回收期长是限制其商业应用的重要因素之一。目前,多数压缩空气储能系统都基于绝热压缩,大约有一半的电力被转化成了热量并耗散。由于压缩时空气的温度上升,导致压缩功增加,并转化得到更多的热。许多研究聚焦在增强压缩空气的散热来达到等温压缩。本研究提出将微米级(10~100μm)水雾喷入压缩空气与之混合,吸收压缩热,降低压缩空气温度,以实现等温。通过实验对压缩空气压力,体积和温度的变化特性进行了分析。对于总体积为0.94 L的压缩腔,当压缩比为2时,水雾冷却后,压缩功从177.9 J/循环(绝热)下降到121.2 J/循环,且效率达到88.7%(绝热61.6%)。Compressed air energy storage( CAES) is an effective large-scale energy storage technology. It is expected to be used in an urban area based on the time-dependent electricity price. In China,companies start to apply the battery to store the electricity when the price goes down and generate the electricity when the price goes up.Compared with the battery,CAES has a large capacity( 100 MWh,battery < 10 MWh),an environmental protection( no heavy metal pollution),and a long lifetime. One of the important factors restricting its application is the poor( < 60%) energy storage efficiency( electricity to electricity). Now,most of the CAES systems are based on the adiabatic compression. About half of the electricity is transformed into heat and exhausted. The poor heat transfer causes that more heat generates in the compression process. Many studies focus on enhancing the heat transfer to achieve the quasi-isothermal compression. In this study,we inject the micron-size( 10 ~ 100 μm) water spray into the compressed air to absorb the generated heat from air. The contact heat exchange happens between the water spray and air in the compression process to keep the temperature of air in a low level. The characteristics of the pressure,volume and temperature are analyzed. Compared to the adiabatic compression,the temperature of air is largely reduced by the water spray. For a compression chamber of 0. 94 L,when the compression ratio is 2,the compression power is declined from 177. 9 J/cycle( adiabatic) to 121. 2 J/cycle with the spray injection0. 416 g/cycle. The compression efficiency is improved from 61. 6%( adiabatic) to 88. 7%.

关 键 词：喷雾 冷却 等温压缩 传热 压缩空气储能 

分 类 号：TH138[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]