上海自由贸易港海关监管制度构建初探——基于舱单视角  

A Probe into the Development of the Customs Control System in Shanghai Free Ports-on the Basis of Manifests

作　　者：胡蓉 干春晖[2] 李华东[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海关学院研究生处 [2]上海海关学院 [3]海关总署监管司货二处

出　　处：《海关与经贸研究》2017年第6期12-24,共13页Journal of Customs and Trade

摘　　要：通过对世界典型自由贸易港的海关监管制度梳理,以及对世界银行及世界经济论坛等国际权威机构的年度报告分析,可以发现自由贸易港建设关键是便利的通关环境和手续,贸易管制是影响我国口岸通关效率以及通关成本的主要原因。自由贸易港海关监管制度构建的核心原则是"安全"与"便利",本文分析了我国现状条件,并在国际比较的基础上,创新性地提出"上海模式"的上海自由贸易港海关监管制度,有别于以往的"新加坡模式"。"上海模式"可以分为两阶段实施,两阶段都需要申报(传输)舱单数据,第一阶段贸易管制政策不变更,以舱单数据为核心,通过舱单实现对贸易管制的监管要求;第二阶段贸易管制政策突破,真正实现"一线放开"。A review of the customs control systems in the typical free ports in the world and an analysis of the annual report of the World Bank,the World Economic Forum and other international authoritative institutions may reveal that facilitation of procedure is the pivot and trade regulation is the primary cause of low efficiency and high cost of customs clearance in the port. The essential principle of customs control in the free port is ＂safety and security＂and ＂facilitation＂. Based on an analysis of our current situation and a contrast with foreign counterparts, the article innovatively proposes the＂Shanghai model＂of customs control in the free port,which is different from the ＂Singapore Model＂.The Shanghai model of customs control in the free port can be divided into two stages in implementation,which both require the declaration（ transmission） of the data of manifests. In the first stage, the policies of trade regulation remain unchanged and the regulatory requirements can be fulfilled through the manifest data,which serve as the pivot. The second stage is to realize the breakthrough of trade regulation so as to materialize the ＂opening of the frontline＂in a real sense. Nevertheless,the customs administration can still make recordation and verification with manifest data.

关 键 词：舱单 上海自由贸易港 海关监管 

分 类 号：F752.5[经济管理—国际贸易]