早期肠内营养对重症脑血管病病人呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响  

The correlation between early enteral nutrition and ventilator associated pneumonia in patients with severe cerebrovascular disease

作　　者：金鑫[1] 史颖[1] 王德超[1] 王惠凌[1] 李伟彬[1] 蔡耘[1] 李强[1] 康增军[1] 冯鑫利[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学附属医院神经内科,河北保定071000

出　　处：《肠外与肠内营养》2017年第6期341-345,共5页Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition

摘　　要：目的 :探讨早期肠内营养(EEN)对重症脑血管病病人呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响,以及对病人营养状态、肠内营养耐受性、胃液PH值、消化道出血发生率的影响。方法 :本研究为前瞻性分析。研究对象为2014年3月至2017年5月我院神内重症收治接受鼻饲饮食及机械通气治疗共72例脑血管病病人。其中,36例在发病24小时内给予肠内营养支持治疗(早期组),36例发病24 h后给予肠内营养支持治疗(对照组)。比较两组病人治疗后7天呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、脱机成功率、肠内营养并发症发生率、消化道出血发生率、治疗后第7天血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、治疗后28天存活率等临床指标变化,并分析入院时、入院1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d胃液PH值变化。结果 :早期组呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、肠内营养并发症发生率、消化道出血发生率均低于对照组,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、脱机成功率、存活率均高于对照组。早期给予肠内营养后,胃液PH值显著升高。结论 :早期肠内营养支持治疗能改善病人营养状态,有助于降低呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率,提高脱机成功率,降低病死率,改善病人预后。早期肠内营养支持治疗导致胃液PH升高,能降低胃肠道并发症发生率,降低消化道出血发生率。Objective： To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition on ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with severe cerebrovascular disease, and to evaluate nutritional status, intestinal nutrition tolerance, pH value of gastric juice and incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods： This study was a prospective study. The subjects were 72 patients with severe cerebrovascular disease in the intensive care unit of Neurology Department of our hospital from March 2014 to May 2017. All patients were treated with nasal feeding and mechanical ventilation. Among them, 36 patients received enteral nutrition support treatment within 24 hours （early group）, and 36 patients received enteral nutrition support treatment after 24 hours （control group）. The two groups were compared with the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, weaning success rate, complications of enteral nutrition rate, and gastrointestinal bleeding within 7 days, serum albumin and serum prealbumin level after 7 days, survival rate after 28 days. We also analyzed the changes in pH of the gastric juice at admission, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after treatments. Results： In the early group, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, complications of enteral nutrition, were lower than the control group. The serum level of albumin and prealbumin, the rate of successful weaning and 28 day survival rate were higher than the control group. After the early enteral nutrition, the pH value of gastric juice increased significantly. Conclusion： Early application of enteral nutrition support therapy can improve the nutritional status of patients, reduce the incidence of ventilator- associated pneumonia, improve the success rate of weaning, reduce the fatality rate and improve the prognosis of patients. Early enteral nutrition support treatment can also increase pH value of gastric juice and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complication and gastrointestinal bleeding.

关 键 词：早期肠内营养 医院获得性肺炎 呼吸机相关性肺炎 消化道出血 

分 类 号：R459.3[医药卫生—治疗学] R743[医药卫生—临床医学]