贵州茂兰喀斯特森林四药门花群落优势种群生态位特征  

Niche characteristics of dominant plant populations of Loropetalum subcordatum community in Maolan karst forest,Guizhou

作　　者：俞筱押[1] 余瑞 黄娟[1] 陈菊[1] 袁子勇[1] 杨芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院,贵州都匀558000 [2]贵州省都匀市第三中学,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第12期3470-3478,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：贵州省科技厅联合基金项目(黔科合LH字[2014]7431);贵州省教育厅自然科学基金项目(黔教合KY字[2013]209号)资助

摘　　要：生态位特征是保护珍稀濒危植物的重要基础。为了解珍稀濒危植物四药门花(Loropetalum subcordatum)的生态位特征,采用记名计数样方法对集中分布于贵州茂兰的四药门花群落进行调查;以物种的重要值作为生态位计算的资源状态指标,应用Levins生态位宽度(Bi)、Shannon生态位宽度(Bs)公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式,对贵州茂兰四药门花群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层主要物种的生态位特征进行了研究,同时使用物种-生态位矩阵进行Bray-Curtis聚类分析。结果表明:1)四药门花的生态位宽度Bi和Bs乔木层为4.32和1.53、灌木层为3.95和1.49、草本层为4.55和1.56,表明其具有较强的资源利用能力;Bray-Curtis聚类显示其与灯台树(Cornus controversa)、粗糠柴(Mallotus philippensis)、五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)、九里香(Murraya exotica)生态位宽度最相似;2)四药门花与乔木层、灌木层、草本层的物种生态位重叠值分别为0.66~0.97、0.55~0.99、0.51~0.96,其中与乔木层、灌木层和草本层中的落叶物种的重叠值分别为0.75~0.88、0.82、0.51~0.80,说明四药门花与落叶物种之间可能存在对资源需求的互补性;3)与常绿物种(尤其是灌木层)的潜在竞争关系可能是四药门花濒危的重要原因之一。Niche structure is a major foundation for protection of rare and endangered plants. In order to understand the niche structure of Loropetalum subcordatum （Benth.） Oliv, we investigated L. subcordatum communities at Maolan, Libo County, China. Importance value was used as an index of resource state, the niche structure of tree, shrub and herb layers in L. subcordatum communities were calculated using the indices of Levins breadth （Bi ） , Shannon breadth （B） and Pianka overlap. The similarity of niche breadth was analyzed by using Bray-Curtis clustering. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The niche breadth of L. subcordatum was relatively large. The Bi and Bs values were 4.32 and 1.53 in tree layer, 3.95 and 1.49 in shrub layer, and 4.55 and 1.56 in herb layer, respectively, reflecting the strong ability of resource use of L, subcordatum. The Bray-Curtis similarity analysis showed that the niche breadth of Comus controversa, Mallotus phil- ippensis, Miscanthus floridulus and Murraya exotica was similar to that of L. subcordatum. （2） The value of niche overlap of L. subcordatum with the other species was 0.66-0.97, 0.55-0.99 and 0.51-0.96 in tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, respectively. Specially, the value of niche overlap of L. subcordatum with the deciduous species in tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer was 0.75-0.88, 0.82 and 0.51-0.80, respectively. These results indicated that L. subcor- datum and deciduous species maybe have a complementary demand for resources. （3） The poten-tial competition with evergreen species （ especially in shrub layer） may be one of the most impor- tant reasons for the danger of L. subcordatum.

关 键 词：生态位宽度 生态位重叠 珍稀濒危植物 种间关系 四药门花 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]