不同滴灌量对春大豆生长及土壤物理性状的影响  

Effect of Different Drip Irrigation on Spring Soybean Growth and Its Soil Physical Properties

作　　者：朱宝国[1,2] 张春峰 贾会彬[1,2] 王囡囡 孟庆英[1,2] 匡恩俊 张立波[1,2] 高雪冬 孙力[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省三江平原主要作物育种栽培重点实验室,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第11期2250-2257,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B01-A02)

摘　　要：为明确不同滴灌量对春大豆生长发育及产量的影响,以春大豆合农60为试验材料,在当年自然降水量基础上,分别设置4个滴灌水平,依次为0 mm(W1)、200 mm(W2)、400 mm(W3)、600 mm(W4),测定不同滴灌量处理的土壤含水率、硬度、容重,以及春大豆株高、地上部生物量、叶面积和产量。结果表明,滴灌处理能够明显改善土壤物理性质。与对照W1相比,不同灌水量提高了花期到结荚期土壤含水率、降低了土壤硬度和容重,土壤物理性状变化顺序为W4>W3>W2>W1,但W3和W4间差异不显著。不同滴灌量能够提高春大豆株高、地上部生物量和叶面积,但是过度灌水会导致植株地上部生物量和叶面积指数下降。不同滴灌量引起的土壤物理指标和大豆生长指标的变化对于大豆产量具有正面影响。与对照W1相比,W3、W4和W2处理2015年大豆分别增产83.68%、61.58%和23.51%;2016年大豆分别增产46.99%、39.47%和20.21%,且两年产量结果差异显著。由此可见,不同滴灌量能够改善土壤物理性状,促进大豆生长发育,提高大豆产量,且以W3处理最佳。本研究结果为春大豆灌溉提供了理论依据和技术支持。To clarify the effect of drip irrigation on yields of spring soybean （Glycine max）, Henong 60 was selected as an indicator crop, and crop growth index and soil physical properties were measured. On the basis of natural precipitation, four drip irrigation levels namely 0 inm （ W1 ） , 200 mm （W2） , 400 mm （W3） and 600 mm （W4） were designed. During the test period, soil properties including soil moisture, soil hardness, soil bulk density were investigated, and soybean growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass, leaf area was measured, and finally soybean yields were checked. The results showed that drip irrigation treatment significantly improved soil physical properties. Compared with the W1 in the soybean growing stage from flowering to pod, the test treatments could significantly increase soil moisture, meanwhile it could also reduce soil hardness and bulk density. The order of soil physical properties was W4 〉 W3 〉 W2 〉 W1, while the difference between W3 and W4 was not obvious. The drip irrigation could improve soybean growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf area. However, excessive drip irrigation could trigger the decline of leaf area and above - ground biomass. The change of soil physical properties and soybean growth index affected from the drip irrigation could bring positive action on soybean yields. Compared with the W1 treatment, soybean yield in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year of 2015 was increased by 83.68% , 61.58% , 23.51% , and that in the year of 2016 was 46.99% , 39.47% and 20.21% , respectively. The paper proved that the drip irrigation could improve soil physical properties, promote soybean growth and development, improve soybean yield, and the W3 treatment was the best. This study provide a theoretical basis and technical support for soybean irrigation.

关 键 词：滴灌 春大豆 生长 物理指标 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S565.1[农业科学—农业工程]