不同外源添加物质对土壤磷素淋溶和迁移特征的影响  

Effect of different external materials on the leaching and movement characteristics of soil phosphorus

作　　者：张一 李厚华[2] 何绪生 吕家珑 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]汉中市农业科学研究所,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第5期151-156,222,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目子课题(2012BAD15B04)

摘　　要：采用室内模拟淋溶土柱的方法,研究四种外源添加物质(土壤调理剂、砒砂岩、秸秆、生物炭)对土壤磷素淋溶和迁移特征的影响。结果表明:(1)不同外源添加物质均增加了淋溶液中总磷(TP)的累积量,淋溶浓度介于0.05~2.86 mg·L^(-1),其中生物炭和秸秆的效果显著;(2)添加生物炭的土柱淋溶液中总可溶性磷(TDP)的变化趋势与TP相似,整体上先升高后降低;添加秸秆减少了土柱淋溶液中可溶性反应磷(DRP)在TDP中所占的比例。(3)添加秸秆减少了土柱中速效磷(Olsen-P)含量,而添加生物炭的处理,随着添加比例的增大,分别比对照增加141%、290%、382%;(4)添加秸秆的各土层中土壤可溶性磷(CaCl_2-P)含量无明显差异,在其它处理中,呈现先减小后增大的趋势。添加生物炭的各土层中CaCl_2-P含量变化幅度大。综上,生物炭显著地增大了土壤中磷素的淋溶和迁移能力,秸秆可减少淋溶液中DRP的含量,阻止土壤中CaCl_2-P向下层迁移。A series of soil column experiments were conducted to study the effect of different external materials （ soil conditioner、 sandstone、 biochar、 straw） on the leaching and movement characteristics of soil phosphorus. The results showed that： （l ） The concentration of total phosphorus （TP） in the leachate increased dramatically from 0.05 to 2.86 mg·L -1 under different treatment sand biochar and straw had significant effects on the leaching amounts of TP; （2） In biochar-enriched soil column, the total dissolved phospherus（TDP） concentration increased and then decreased with the increasing of leaching times, and the trend of TDP are similar to that of TP. The addition of straw reduced the percentage of dissolved reactive phosphorus （DRP） in TDP; （3） Straw caused a reduction of the available phosphorus（ Olsen - P） concentration. Furthermore, Olsen - P concentration was increased by 141 % N 290% N 382% as the amount of adding biochar was increased compared with that of CK; （4） Except for straw, the trend of soluble P （CaCl2 - P） in different soil layers of all treatments was similar, as the concentration of CaCl2 - P was decreased and then increased. The concen-tration of CaCl2 - P had no differencies in different layers under straw condition, but that had significant differences in the biochar enriched soil layers. The results indicate that biochar significantly increased the leaching and movement a b i l i-ty of phosphorous. Straw reduced the concentration of DRP in the leachate, and i t can reduce the downward movement ofCaC^ - P-

关 键 词：外源添加物质 磷 淋溶 迁移 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]