旱地不同施肥对冬油菜产量及土壤水分状况的影响  

Effects of different fertilization on winter rapeseed yield and soil water in dry land

作　　者：罗照霞[1] 杨志奇[1] 俄胜哲[2] 袁金华[2] 车宗贤[2] 郭永杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741000 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第5期164-168,181,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划"中低产田障碍因子消减与地力提升共性关键技术研究"(2012BAD05B06);甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项;创新基地土壤肥料长期定位试验科研协作网建设(2013GAAS12)

摘　　要：研究了不同施肥处理下黄绵土区冬油菜产量、土壤水分状况及其水分利用效率的变化。结果表明:有机肥与化肥配施明显提高了冬油菜籽粒产量和水分利用效率,较不施有机肥平均提高了12.95%和10.74%;冬油菜产量以有机肥配施氮磷钾处理最高,为1 180.05 kg·hm^(-2),较对照(不施肥料)提高了369.32%,耗水量和水分利用效率也最高,分别为489.73 mm和2.41 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1),较对照分别提高了6.40%和338.18%;冬油菜收获后不同处理不同土层土壤含水量较播前大幅度下降,0~20 cm土层土壤含水量较播前下降了8个百分点左右,0~100 cm土层土壤储水量以不施肥处理最大,为244.36 mm。肥料配施提高了作物产量,但也增加了土壤耗水量,土壤干燥化程度也将加剧。A study on the effects of different ferti lization conditions on the yield of winter rapeseed, soil water and water use efficiency was carried out in dry land of Loess Plateau. The results showed that the yield of winter rapeseed and water use efficiency were extremely increased in manure combined with chemical fertilizer, it was increased by 12.95% and 10.74% respectively compared to that without manure. The highest yield and soil water consumption and water use efficiency were 1 180.05 kg·hm-2 and 489.73 mm and 2.41 k g ·h m^- 2·mm^-1 under the MNPK treatm ent,compared to CK treatment,it was enhanced by 369.32% and 6.40% and 338.18% respec tively . O f a l l the treatments, compared to that before sowing, soil water content decreased quickly under different treatments in different soil layers, soil water con-tent decreased by about 8% in 0 ？20 cm so il layer a fte r harvest, the so il water storage of 0 -100 cm so il la ye r o f CK treatment was highest which was 244.36 mm. Combined fer t i l iz er could enhanced crop y ield , b u t i t also could increase water consumption at the same time, the soil appeared a dry trend.

关 键 词：施肥 旱地 冬油菜 产量 土壤水分 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S365.4[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]