施氮量对复播青贮玉米光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of silage maize

作　　者：王久龙[1,2] 王振华[1] 李文昊[1,2] 裴磊[1,2] 赵波[1,2] 扁青永 朱延凯 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第5期250-255,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20B03)

摘　　要：采用田间试验方法,研究了一管两行(80+40)行距模式下灌溉量为288 mm时,不同施氮量(CK^14.04 kg·hm^(-2),F1~97.56 kg·hm^(-2),F2~167.16 kg·hm^(-2),F3~236.76 kg·hm^(-2),F4~306.36 kg·hm^(-2),F5~375.96 kg·hm^(-2))对复播青贮玉米光合特性的影响,观测了拔节期(08.20)和抽雄吐丝期(09.13)光合特性指标及生育期末期的干物质量、叶面积,计算叶片水平的水分利用效率、光合势及净同化率。施氮量为236.76 kg·hm^(-2),青贮玉米产量最大;拔节期光合有效辐射为1 500~2 000μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、施氮量为236.76 kg·hm^(-2)时,青贮玉米的光合指标较大;抽雄吐丝期,光合有效辐射为800~1 900μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、施氮量为236.76 kg·hm^(-2)时,水分利用效率较大;施氮量为236.76~306.36 kg·hm^(-2)时,青贮玉米的光合势和净同化率均达到最大,施氮量进一步增加,光合势和净同化率降低显著。因此,石河子地区青贮玉米适宜的光合有效辐射为1 500~2 000μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),施氮量为236.76 kg·hm^(-2),青贮玉米产量及水分利用效率达到最大。In this study,a field experiment used a tube of two lines （80 ＋ 40） spaced mode,irrigation quota of 288 mm,to study the effects of N application rate （ CK -14 .04 kg · hm ^- 2,F I 97 .56 kg · hm ^-2,F2 167 . 16 kg · hm ^-2, F3 -236.76 kg · hm ^-2, F4 ,306.36 kg · hm ^-2, F5 -375.96 kg · hm ^-2） on silage maize and photosynthetic characteris-tics. At the jointing stage （08.20） and tasseling stage （09.13）, photosynthesis characteristic indexes, fe r t ility of the f i-nal quality of dry matter, leaf area, the leaf level of water use efficiency, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were calculated. When the N application rate was 236.76 kg · hm ^-2, silage maize yield was the largest and when photosynthetic active radiation was 1 500 -2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,N application rate was 236 . 76 kg · hm ^-2,silage com IFf/E was larger; at spinning tasseling stage, photosynthetic active radiation was 1 500 ？2 000 and Napplication rate was 236.76 kg · hm ^-2,the WUE was larger; when N application rate was 236.76 -306.36 kg · hm ^-2, silage maize photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate achieved the maximum level. When the N application rate was increased, photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate decreased significantly. Therefore, in Shihezi area, the photosynthetic active radiation of 1 500 -2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and N application rate of 236. 76 kg · hm ^-2,are the ap-propriate level to achieve the maximum silage com yield and WUE.

关 键 词：施氮量 复播青贮玉米 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]