草甸草原封育演替过程中主要植物种群生态位动态分析  

Niche Dynamics of Dominant Species during Restoration Process of Meadow Steppe in Enclosure

作　　者：王国庆[1] 杜广明[1] 聂莹莹[1] 彭芳华[1] 沃强 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]内蒙古辉河国家级自然保护区管理局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021100

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2017年第6期72-78,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家公益性行业(环保)科研专项"北方重要生态功能区生态限制与安全性技术评价研究"(201109025)

摘　　要：为探明呼伦贝尔草甸草原生态位的动态变化规律,运用Corwell修正的生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数,分析呼伦贝尔草甸草原封育演替过程中植物种群生态位动态。结果表明:羊草(Leymus chinensis)、硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)生态位总宽度高于其他物种。封育第1、3、5、7年草地生态位宽度最大的物种分别为硬质早熟禾、羊草、长梗韭(Allium neriniflorum)、羊草。不同封育年限羊草的生态位宽度一直处于较高的地位,随封育年限延长,硬质早熟禾和糙隐子草生态位宽度逐渐降低,而长梗韭、麻花头(Serratula centauroides)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)生态位宽度呈上升趋势,禾本科优势地位降低。随着围栏封育时间的增加草地群落中植物种群之间竞争加剧,产生生态位分化,随后竞争减缓,群落向着稳定状态发展。The aim of this study was to find out dynamic change of niche of Hulunbeier meadow steppe. The niche dynamics of dominant species in enclosure meadow steppe of Hunlunbuir during restoration process were analyzed by means of niche breadth index and niche overlap index.The results showed that the total breadth of niche of Leymus chinensis ,Poa sphondylodes ,Cleistogenes squarrosa were higher than other species.Poa sphondylodes ,Leymus chinensis ,Allium neriniflorum ,Leymus chinensis were the species with the largest niche breadth for the restoration stage of 1,3,5 and 7 years respectively.The niche breadth of Leymus chinensis was higher.The niche breadth of Poa sphondylodes ,Cleistogenes squarrosa was gradually decreased.There was a trend that the niche breadth of Allium neriniflorum ,Ser-ratula centauroides ,Caragana microphylla increased with increasing degree of community restoration. The dominant position of Gramineae decreased.There were linear relationships between niche breadth and niche overlap.The interspecific competition was increased with enclosure,then,the interspecific generated niche differentiation and competition was decreased,the community developed towards stable state.

关 键 词：封育 草甸草原 演替 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]