石灰岩山地优势种淡竹的表型可塑性研究  

Phenotypic Plasticity of A Dominant Bamboo Species( Phyllostachys glauca) in Limestone Mountain in Northwest of Jiangxi Province

作　　者：梁宽 樊燕[1] 卜文圣[1] 王龙凤 施建敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院/江西省竹子种质资源与利用重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2017年第6期1178-1186,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260174;31660198);江西省重点研发计划项目(20161BBF60082)~~

摘　　要：为探寻石灰岩山地优势种淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca)的表型可塑性变化,对赣西北连续土、半连续土和零星土3种石灰岩土被生境设置样地进行调查,分析了不同生境淡竹的分株种群特征、分株与构件生物量及其分配、分株构件形态特征,结果表明:(1)随着裸岩率增加,淡竹的分株密度降低,平均分株生物量增加,种群生物量以半连续土生境最高,零星土和连续土生境大致相当;(2)在分株水平方面,3类生境的根冠比没有显著差异(P>0.05);与连续土生境相比,半连续土和零星土生境的淡竹叶生物量分配显著减少,秆生物量分配显著增加(P<0.05);(3)表征淡竹分株大小的指标(株高、基径、枝下高、节数等)随着裸岩率升高而增大;半连续土和零星土生境淡竹的分枝数、地下茎分枝角度和比叶面积显著增高,使淡竹叶片分布更分散,提高了光能利用效率。研究认为,淡竹在分株水平和分株构件水平均产生了对石灰岩高异质生境的表型可塑性调整。在水分亏缺的高裸岩率生境,淡竹减少叶生物量分配和增加秆生物量分配可能是降低水分消耗和提高水分贮存的表型调节行为;叶片散布及光能利用效率提高则是对叶生物量分配减少的补偿。The soil in limestone mountain is highly heterogeneous due to the high rock coverage in Ruichang,northwestern Jiangxi Province.Phyllostachys glauca,a bamboo species,is a dominant species in the limestone mountain.According to the rock coverage,the soil habitats were divided into three types,which are continuous soil（ CS）,semi continuous soil（ SCS） and sporadic soil（ SS） respectively. In order to explore the phenotypic plasticity of P. glauca,the ramet population characteristics,the biomass of ramet and modular,the biomass allocation pattern of ramet,and modular morphological characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that：（ 1） With the increasing of soil rock coverage,the ramet density decreased and the ramet biomass increased to maintain the population biomass,while the root/shoot ratio was similar between the CS,SCS and SS（ P〉0.05）.（ 2） In SCS and SS,the fraction of leaf biomass declined dramatically,and the fraction of stem biomass boosted significantly compared with that of CS（ P〈0.05）.Those plastic changes are an adaptation strategy to soil water deficit,which helps to reduce the water consumption and store more water in stem.（ 3） The indices of ramet size such as height,basal diameter,height under branch,number of nodes etc. increased with the increasing of rock coverage,and it promoted the ramet biomass.Meanwhile,the number of branching,angle of rhizome branching and specific leaf area（ SLA） were higher in SCS and SS than those of CS. Based on the morphological alterations,the ramet dispersed the leaf more uniformly in the horizontal and vertical directions.Thus,it enhanced the efficiency for solar energy utilization,and offset the reduction of leaf biomass fraction.The results indicated that P. glauca.show strong clonal plasticity in ramet leavel and modular level in the limestone mountain,and the modification is more precise in modular level.

关 键 词：淡竹 石灰岩山地 生物量分配 表型可塑性 分株 构件 

分 类 号：S795.702[农业科学—林木遗传育种]