美国政府开放数据的元数据标准及其启示:目录聚合的视角  

Metadata Standards of Open Government Data in the United States and Enlightenment: Perspective of Catalog Aggregation

作　　者：于梦月 翟军[1] 林岩[1] 袁长峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学交通运输管理学院,大连116026

出　　处：《情报杂志》2017年第12期145-151,共7页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"国家大数据战略下的政府开放数据的目录体系构建研究"(编号:17YJAZH115);国家自然科学基金面上项目"支持协同创作的社会化媒体知识集成研究"(编号:71571025);"油储系统火灾事故应急过程本质安全的风险源分析方法研究"(编号:51404052)研究成果之一

摘　　要：[目的/意义]归纳总结美国政府开放数据的元数据标准及其在数据目录聚合上的应用成果,以期为我国制定开放政府数据的元数据标准和建设国家统一的开放数据平台提供有益的参考。[方法/过程]以M-13-13指令对各联邦机构的"企业数据清单"和"公开数据清单"的要求为主线,以Data.Gov的目录聚合功能为分析对象,研究元数据标准的组成、模型、模式定义和映射,及在目录聚合上的应用等。[结果/结论]美国已形成了较为完备的元数据标准体系,基于"元数据采集"的目录聚合是一种简单、高效的方法。对我国而言,应在元数据标准基础上建立目录自动聚合机制,实现元数据的全生命周期管理,关注元数据的质量等。[Purpose/Significance]The paper summarizes the metadata standards of Open Government Data( OGD) in the US government and its applications in the data catalog aggregation,with a viewto providing a useful reference for China to develop the metadata standards of OGD and to build a national unified open data platform. [Method/Process]With the requires of M-13-13 directive to the "Enterprise Data Inventory " and " Public Data Listing " of the federal agencies as the main line,the data aggregation function of Data.Gov as the analysis object,the paper aims to study the composition,model,mode definition and mapping of the metadata standards as well as the applications on catalog aggregation. [Result/Conclusion]The US has formed a relatively complete metadata standard system. The catalog aggregation based on " metadata harvesting " is a simple and efficient way. For our country,we should establish the automatic catalog aggregation mechanism based on the metadata standards,realize the whole life cycle management of the metadata,pay much attention to the quality of the metadata and so on.

关 键 词：开放政府数据 元数据标准 地理空间元数据 元数据采集 目录聚合 

分 类 号：G253[文化科学—图书馆学]