犯罪竞合的体系位置与原则--以德国竞合理论为参照  

The System Position and Principle of Criminal Concurrence:The German Concurrence Theory as a Reference

作　　者：徐凌波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]南京大学中德法学研究所

出　　处：《比较法研究》2017年第6期86-97,共12页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：犯罪竞合处于定罪与量刑的交叉与冲突点上。德国犯罪竞合理论一方面严格遵循行为数即罪数的定罪规则,另一方面又必须贯彻禁止重复评价与全面评价的量刑原则。不真正法条竞合名为法条竞合,却行想象竞合之实,是罪数规则与量刑原则冲突妥协的产物。这导致了德国法条竞合理论内部的体系混乱,以及其与想象竞合之间界限的模糊。在继受德国犯罪竞合理论的过程中,在解决我国刑法所面临的特定竞合问题时,应当回归竞合的基本原则。只有从禁止重复评价与全面评价的量刑原则出发,才能正确理解法条竞合与想象竞合区分的必要性,才能正确处理罪量相关的中国式竞合问题。若两罪规定了不同性质与类型的定量要素,即便在定性要素上存在一般与特殊的关系,也应按照想象竞合的规则从一重处断。The question of criminal concurrence is the transition from conviction of guilty to the measurement of the penalty. In light of the conviction the German criminal law theory establish the basic rule that the quantity of crime is decided by the quantity of behavior, which to a certain extent are contradicted to the principle of prohibition against double evaluation and requirement for overall evaluation. Although the impure legal concurrence has the name of legal concurrence, yet its measurement of penal- ty follows the rule of ideal concurrence. It is the result of conflict between the principle for quantity of crimes and the principle for the penalty measurement, which leads to an unclarified differentiation be- tween ideal and legal concurrence, and can not be applied to the Chinese concurrence theory. In light of the principle of prohibition against double evaluation and requirement for overall evaluation, the separa- tion between legal and ideal concurrence is necessary and possible. This dividing rule applies also, when it relates to the quantitative element of crime. The legal concurrence can only be justified, only when the two of conflicting criminal regulation set up the same quantitative element. Otherwise the ideal concurrence is to be confirmed.

关 键 词：禁止重复评价原则 全面评价原则 法条竞合 想象竞合 罪量要素的竞合 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD914