基于减压脱水干燥技术的高浓度工业污水中重金属的去除与资源化  

Removal and resources of heavy metals in high concentration industrial wastewater based on decompression-dehydration-drying technology

作　　者：吴晓芳 沈小雪 邹振东 李瑞利 范怡 邱国玉 中村和彦 高健 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院,深圳市太阳能与风能海水淡化关键技术工程实验室,深圳518055 [2]深圳市大井和环保科技有限公司,深圳518000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第12期6266-6275,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：深圳市战略新兴产业发展专项基金资助项目(JSGG20150813172407669)

摘　　要：工业污水中高浓度重金属的去除一直是环境污染治理领域的一个难题。至今为止,在实验室水平上有很多可以借鉴的技术,但能在实际工程领域实用的技术还比较缺乏。为此,通过利用改进的减压脱水干燥装置,对多种含有重金属(Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb)的高浓度工业废水的处理流程和技术进行研究。结果表明,无论污染源和污水种类如何,减压脱水干燥装置对废水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的去除效果都非常明显,去除率均保持在93.33%~99.99%,对高浓度重金属去除率可达99.99%。浓缩以后的重金属可以回收再利用;不同类型工业废水中悬浮物(SS)、有机物(COD和BOD_5)和油类的浓度高低,不影响其中重金属的去除;除了重金属以外,本技术对其他污染物质也有明显的去除效果,去除效果的排序为:重金属>SS>COD>BOD_5>油类。本装置处理过程无需添加药剂、对废水的前处理要求低、它的封闭性减轻了气味和噪音,是一种操作简便且高效环保的污水处理系统。Removal of high-concentration heavy metals in industrial wastewater has presented a great challenge for environmental pollution remediation. Though there are some techniques available at the laboratory level, we still lack of practical technology that can be used in engineering.The treatment flow and technology of high concentration industrial wastewater containing heavy metals （Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb） were studied by using the improved decompression-dehydration-drying device. The results showed the decompression-dehydration-drying device had significant effects on the removal of Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb in industrial wastewater, no matter what the sources and types of wastewater was.The removal rate changed from 93.33% to 99.99% and it reached up to 99.99% when heavy metal concentration in raw water at a high level.The heavy metals could be recycled after concentration. The treatment effects for different types of wastewater were not affected by the suspended solids（SS）, organics（COD and BOD5） and oils. The sequence of contaminants＇ removal efficiency in low water was heavy metal 〉 SS 〉 COD 〉 BOD5 〉 oils. In addition, it is a high-efficiency and environmentally friendly system, which requires a low demand for pretreatment and reduces the smell and noise.

关 键 词：减压脱水干燥装置 高浓度工业废水 重金属 PB ZN Cu Ni 零排放 资源化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]