中华绒螯蟹一龄早熟和二龄成熟家系生长规律的比较研究  

The Comparative Study on Growth Characteristics of Offspring from One-year Precocious and Two-year Normally Mature Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis)

作　　者：朱王玲 姜晓东[1] 吴旭干[1] 何杰[1,2] 葛永春[2] 成永旭[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部淡水种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学上海市教委水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2017年第6期1037-1047,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：科技部港澳台科技合作专项项目(No.2014DFT30270);上海市科委工程技术中心能力提升项目(No.16DZ2281200;13DZ2280500);上海市科技兴农推广项目[No.沪农科推字(2015)第1-7号];上海高校水产学高峰学科建设项目(No.2015-62-0908);深圳市澳华农牧有限公司横向项目

摘　　要：中华绒螯蟹(Eridcheir sinensis)1龄性早熟是扣蟹养殖过程中的一个重要问题,尚不清楚1龄性早熟和2龄正常性成熟后代的生长发育规律是否存在差异,本研究通过构建1龄性早熟和正常性成熟中华绒螯蟹家系,综合比较了单养条件下两种家系子一代(以下简称早熟F1和正常F1)在扣蟹和成蟹阶段的生长蜕壳规律、雌蟹腹脐覆盖腹甲宽度比例、成熟后的性腺指数(GSI)和肝胰腺指数(HSI)。结果显示:(1)早熟F1雄体在第1、2次和第7、8次蜕壳后的体重显著大于正常F1雄体(P<0.05);而早熟F1雌体在第1~5次和第7次蜕壳后的体重显著大于正常F1雌体(P<0.05);(2)第1和2次蜕壳后早熟F1的增重率较高,正常F1在第3~8次蜕壳后的增重率略高于早熟F1,两群体在扣蟹阶段的特定生长率均呈下降趋势,且正常F1高于早熟F1,其中雌雄个体在第3~4次蜕壳后的特定生长率均存在显著差异(P<0.05);(3)早熟F1在第1~5次蜕壳间隔较长,而第6~8次蜕壳间隔较短;两种家系在扣蟹养殖阶段蜕壳4~6次,成蟹养殖阶段蜕壳2~4次,其中早熟F1在扣蟹阶段的平均蜕壳次数低于正常F1,而在成蟹阶段的平均蜕壳次数高于正常F1;(4)早熟F1腹脐覆盖腹甲宽度比例一直高于正常F1,但二者无显著差异(P>0.05);(5)无论雌体还是雄体,早熟F1和正常F1的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著差异,单养条件下性腺均可发育成熟(P>0.05)。综上,单养条件下,中华绒螯蟹早熟F1和正常F1的生长模式存在显著差异,两者都可以完成生殖蜕壳和性腺发育成熟,这为今后深入研究中华绒螯蟹个体生物学提供了理论依据和参考资料。The difference of growth performance between one-year precious crabs Chinese Mitten Crab（Eridcheir sinensis） and two-year normally mature crabs has been remained unclear. Therefore, we compare the growth performance, coverage ratio of venter, gonadosomatic index（GSI） and hepatosomatic index（HSI） between one-year precious crabs（PF） and two-year normally mature crabs（NF） through monoculture in this study. The results showed that：（1） The individuals of PF were weighed more heavy than the individuals of NF significantly during 1 st﹣2 nd and 7 th﹣8 th molts for males（P 0.05）, while for the females the body weight difference showed a significant difference between crabs of PF and NF during 1 st﹣5 th and 7 th molts（P 0.05, Fig. 2）, crabs of PF were more heavy;（2） The carapace length and carapace width of PF individuals were larger than NF individuals for both females and males with no significant difference（Fig. 3, Fig. 4）;（3） In term of weight gain rate（WGR） and specific growth rate（SGR）, PF individuals possessed higher WGR after 1 st﹣2 nd molts but lower WGR after 3 rd﹣8 th molts; a downward trend were showed in the SGR of the two families during the juvenile crab culture stage, and NF individuals were higher than PF individuals with significant differences during 3 rd﹣4 th molts for both males and females（P 0.05, Fig. 5, Fig. 6）;（4） The PF individuals possessed longer interval during the 1 st﹣5 th molts but shorter interval during 6 th﹣8 th molts than NF individuals（Fig. 7）;（5） The lower molting frequency in juvenile crab culture stage and higher molting frequency in adult crab culture stage of PF individuals（Fig. 8, Fig. 9）;（6） In terms of the coverage ratio of venter by sternite, PF individuals was always higher than NF individual with no significance difference（P 0.05, Fig. 10）;（7） For both males and females, no significant difference were observed on the GSI and HSI between FP and NP individuals after their puber

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 性早熟 生长性能 第二性征 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]