一次航班飞行全过程大气污染物排放特征  

Emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during a whole flight

作　　者：韩博 刘雅婷[2,3] 谭宏志[1] 王愚 魏志强 

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津市空管运行规划与安全技术重点实验室,天津300300 [2]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071 [3]南开大学科学技术处,天津300071

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2017年第12期4492-4502,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21407174);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(No.3122016A012,3122016D025,3122017063)~~

摘　　要：飞机发动机以航空煤油为燃料,在运行过程中会排放多种大气污染物,对空气质量和人体健康存在较大影响.选择A320作为典型机型,提取了一次真实航班飞行过程中的机载飞行数据,基于BM2及BM2-FOA耦合模型,获得了其在飞行全过程中每一时刻CO、UHC、NO_x及PM_(2.5)的排放指数,并计算了CO、UHC、NO_x、SO_2、CO_2及PM_(2.5)的精确排放量.结果表明,飞行过程中CO和UHC排放指数与推力变化趋势相反,数值范围分别为0.67~595.34 g·kg^(-1)和0.05~0.43 g·kg^(-1).NO_x排放指数与燃油流量变化趋势一致,数值范围是0.96~114.25 g·kg^(-1).PM_(2.5)排放指数全过程变化较小,约为0.25~0.36 g·kg^(-1).飞行全过程中,CO_2排放总量最大,约为2.0×10~4kg.同时,NO_x的排放量约为213.4 kg,SO_2也排放了24.5 kg.CO、PM_(2.5)和UHC的排放量分别为7.5、2.2和0.5 kg.将本次精确计算结果与使用ICAO基准模型对LTO起降阶段的估算结果进行对比后发现,基准模型LTO飞行时间较真实时间偏长37%.基准模型估算LTO阶段CO、UHC污染物排放量偏高,NO_x偏低,且偏差较大;而SO_2、CO_2和PM_(2.5)的排放量估算结果偏差相对较小.与机动车相比,A320飞机的一次LTO起飞着陆飞行,NO_x排放量约等于一辆小客车行驶8.6×10~4km,或相当于1274辆小客车1 d的排放量.Aircraft engines use aviation kerosene as fuel to provide power.Various kinds of air pollutants are emitted during operation,impacting human health and environment.Airbus A320 was selected as a typical type in the study.The flight record data during a real flight was decoded.The study acquired the emission indices of CO,UHC,NO_xand PM_（2.5）at each phase of the whole flight,basing on the coupling model of BM2 and BM2-FOA,and calculated the accurate emissions of CO,UHC,NO_x,SO_2,CO_2and PM_（2.5）,respectively.According to the results,the emission indices of CO and UHC,which are within 0.67 to 595.34 g·kg^-1and 0.05 to 0.43 g·kg^-1respectively,are inversely proportional to the variation trend of engine thrust.The emission index of NO_x,which is within 0.96 to 114.25 g·kg^-1,is in conformity with the variation trend of fuel flow.The index of PM_（2.5）is in the range of0.25 to 0.36 g·kg^-1,showing little changes during the whole flight.CO_2is the most abundant emission during the flight.The emission of it is about 2.0×10~4kg.Meanwhile,the emission of NO_xis about 213.4 kg,and SO_2is about 24.5 kg.The emissions of CO,PM_（2.5）and UHC are 7.5,2.2,0.5 kg,respectively.Compared with this paper,the LTO flight time of the ICAO standard model is 37%longer than the real LTO flight time.Therefore,processed by the standard model,the LTO emissions of CO and UHC are higher,and the LTO emission of NO_xis lower.All these emissions,calculated by standard model,show relatively great deviations.However,the estimated emissions of SO_2,CO_2 and PM_（2.5）have no significant difference.And the emission level of NO_xof A320 during LTO flight is approximately equal to the emission level of a compact car traveling 8.6×10~4km,or 1274 compact cars traveling for one day.

关 键 词：飞机 大气污染物 巡航 起飞着陆 排放特征 空客A320 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]