新环保法中的政府环境职责省思  

Reflections on the Environmental Responsibility of Government of the New Environmental Protection Law

作　　者：陈应珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2017年第11期90-97,共8页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"协商式行政执法研究"(13BFX035);福州大学科技发展基金资助项目"行政不作为的法律责任与实现机制研究"(14SKQ11);西南政法大学行政法学院博士研究生学术研究立项"法治政府视角下行政执法协商和解法律问题研究"

摘　　要：政府的环境质量责任缘于环境的公共物品属性及环境公共信托理论。新环保法将地方政府对环境质量负责之规定提到总则之中,增加了政府多方面的职责,确立了政府环境职责的初步框架。但仍然存在以下缺陷:地方政府职责多,中央政府职责少;政府间事权划分不清;政府职责碎片化,领导、支持、协调职责不突出;监督与问责权限被削弱或取消;弹性职责多,具体措施少等。为落实环保基本国策及政府对环境质量负责的庄严承诺,需要做到:将中央政府确立为环境质量责任主体;建立较为明确的、合理的府际职责分工体系;加强政府的领导、支持和协调责任;恢复上级政府的处分权力;制定可操作性强的配套制度等。The environmental responsibility of government originates in the public goods attribute of environment and the public trust doctrine. Although the new environmental protection law promotes the clause that local people＇s government shall be responsible for the environment quality to general rules,and extends environmental responsibilities in many aspects, it only constructs the basic framework and still has such defects： responsibilities of local governments are more than the central government; intergovernmental duty division isn＇t clear; government duties are fragmented and the role of leader wasn＇t emphasized; the supervision and accountability power is weakened or canceled;flexible duties are more while practical measures are less. To secure protection of environment as abasic national policy,we should establish the central government as a legal subject of government environmental quality of responsibilities; rationally define intergovernmental responsibilities;strengthen leadership responsibilities, restore disciplinary power to government, and formulate operational correlation laws or regulations.

关 键 词：环境公共信托理论 新环保法 政府环境职责 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]