科斯定理:反思与拓展——兼论中国农地流转制度改革与选择  

Rethinking and Extension of the Coase Theorem:Reform and Choice of Land Circulation Institutions in Rural China

作　　者：罗必良 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学国家农业制度与发展研究院

出　　处：《经济研究》2017年第11期178-193,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333004);国家自然科学基金政策研究重点支持项目(71742003)的资助

摘　　要：科斯及其追随者关注于产权界定对生产制度结构的影响,从而使产权成为新制度经济学的中心命题。但产权界定与产权交易是两个不同的问题,尽管科斯定理并未否定产权界定所隐含的交易含义,但却未能顾及人格化财产及其交易性质。本文认为,基于中国农地制度的特殊性,并鉴于新一轮农地确权中"生不增、死不减"的身份产权固化与地块"四至"的空间产权界定,有必要将科斯的思想范式进一步拓展到农地产权的交易问题——当存在交易成本时,如果不能通过产权的重新调整来改善效率,那么就有必要选择适当的产权交易装置进行匹配来改善总的福利效果。作者强调,应该在重视产权的生产制度结构的同时,深化对产权的交易制度结构的研究。Summary： Like the Pigou Theory, the Coase Theorem has become a tradition, but a new, mainstream one. The core of the Coasc Theorem is that property rights of scarce resources should he assigned to more-capable ones. This is the ＂institutional structure of production＂ that Coase addresses, in this paper called the ＂Coase Tradition＂. The ＂Coase Tradition＂ has two shortcomings： first, the replacement of transaction costs and second, the relevance of property definition. Coase emphasized that property rights should be assigned to the more-capable beneficiaries or those who can reduce the transaction costs. But the problem is, who are they？ Is it free to find such people？ Coase replaced the zero transaction costs hypothesis with zero discovery costs. First, according to the Coase Theorem, arrangements of property rights is associated with transaction costs, and thus it is proper to substitute one arrangement with another. However, this leads to a dilemma： changing property rights causes expectation instability, and maintaining the original arrangements may sacrifice potential benefits. Second, when the property is associated with a variety of resources instead of a single one, which one should be assigned？ Coase does not consider these questions. Third, in Coase＇s ＂Cattle-Cat Story＂, the property owners are explicit： cattle feeder and farmer. But if externality problems exist, it is difficult to clarify or recognize the beneficiary or damaged beneficiaries. Coase did not discuss how to assign property rights appropriately or how to discover the more-capable assignees under the above situations. Important to consider is the possibility of reducing transaction costs by assigning property rights to the more-capable people and whether transaction behaviors and transaction institutions can be ignored. Mainstream property rights theories usually have assumed that markets implement transactions automatically when property rights are clearly defined and stable. However, the land tenure system

关 键 词：科斯定理 农地流转 人格化财产 禀赋效应 交易装置 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]