石家庄市区道路径流雨水污染特征调查  

Investigation on the pollution of road rainwater runoff in Shijiazhuang City

作　　者：关彤军 张春会 王雯[1] 冯宝叶 赵全胜 魏云飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄市政设计研究院有限责任公司,河北石家庄050019 [2]河北科技大学建筑工程学院,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报》2017年第6期591-599,共9页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51574139;51274079);河北科技支撑计划项目(16275426);河北省应用基础研究项目(15275409D)

摘　　要：为保护地下水和城市生态环境,中国已经开始大规模建设海绵城市。海绵道路是海绵城市建设的重要组成部分。近些年,石家庄市政设计研究院提出了种植土碎石绿化带新型海绵道路结构,并已在石家庄市推广使用。入渗雨水水质是否符合标准,是否会污染地下水是这种道路结构设计中亟待解决的关键问题。为此,弄清石家庄市道路雨水径流污染情况对于石家庄市海绵道路结构设计及海绵城市建设都极为必要。为获得石家庄市道路雨水径流污染特征,在石家庄市南二环与裕翔街口、河北科技大学东门口、西二环与中山路口高架桥下和路边雨水井设置了4个采样点。这些采样点位于石家庄市区主干路上,涵盖了石家庄市区的东部和西部,基本代表了石家庄市区道路雨水径流的污染状况。从2017年3月到6月一共收集了6场雨水,选取典型、可代表石家庄市中小雨道路雨水径流污染物平均状况特征的5月3日的调查结果进行分析。用重铬酸钾法测试了道路径流雨水COD浓度;用钼酸铵分光光度法测试了TP浓度;用过硫酸钾消解-紫外分光光度法测试了TN浓度;用纳氏试剂分光光度法测试了NH3-N浓度;用滤纸过滤法测试了SS浓度;用电感耦合等离子体法测试了Zn离子和Pb离子浓度。根据测试结果,研究了降雨过程中道路径流雨水COD,TP,TN,NH3-N,SS,Zn离子和Pb离子浓度的演化规律。结果表明:石家庄市道路雨水径流污染物大致随降雨历时而衰减,降雨90min后渐趋稳定;污染物浓度与降雨历时之间近似呈负指数函数关系。基于调查结果,分别利用时间加权平均和雨量加权平均方法提出了石家庄市道路初期雨水径流和长历时道路雨水径流的污染物浓度特征值。石家庄市初期雨水径流设计质量浓度的时间加权平均法建议值:TN为14.49mg/L,NH3-N为10.93mg/L,TP为0.45mg/L,SS为651.00mg/L,COD为437.73mg/L;长历时道�To protect groundwater and urban ecological environment,much more sponge cities have been built in China.The sponge road is an important part of a sponge city.In recent years,Shijiazhuang Municipal Design Institute proposes a new sponge road structure,namely planting soil and crushed stone green belt,and it has been extensively used in Shijiazhuang City.In the design of the road structure,it is a key issue whether the infiltration rainwater quality pollutes the groundwater.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the pollution of road rainwater runoff in Shijiazhuang City for the design of sponge road and the construction of sponge city.To obtain the characteristics of rainwater runoff pollution in Shijiazhuang City,four investigation points are chosen at the intersection of the Nanerhuan Road and Yuxiang Street,the east gate of Hebei University of Science and Technology,the site under the Xierhuan Road and Zhongshan Road overpass,and the catch-basin along the roadside in Shijiazhuang City.The investigating points are located in the main road of Shijiazhuang urban area,which covers Shijiazhuang City,and can represent the pollution characteristics of road runoff in Shijiazhuang City.Six rainfalls are collected from March to June in 2017.The rainfall on 3,May is viewed as typical middle and light one which is studied in this paper.The concentration of COD,TP,TN,NH3-N and SS in road runoff is tested by potassium dichromate method,ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry,potassium persulfate digestion-UV spectrophotometry and Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry and filter paper filtration,respectively.The concentrations of Zn ions and Pb ions are tested by inductively coupled plasma method.According to the test results,the concentration evolutions of COD,TP,TN,NH3-N,SS,Zn and Pb ion in runoff during rainfall are studied.The results show that the contaminant concentration approximately decreases during the rainfall,and then maintain stable for 90 min.The relation between contaminant concentration and rainfall time follows

关 键 词：城市给水排水工程 海绵道路结构 道路径流雨水水质 演化规律 污染物设计浓度值 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]