三角帆蚌钩介幼虫寄生包囊在3种鱼鳃丝上的形成规律  

Parasitic encystments of glochidia of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii on gill filaments of three fish species

作　　者：邹军[1] 张呈祥 闻海波[3] 马学艳[3] 徐良[1] 华丹[3] 顾若波[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]江阴水产指导站,江苏江阴214443 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业部淡水鱼类遗传育种与养殖生物学重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2017年第6期637-642,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：江苏省自然基金面上项目(BK20161145);中央基本科研业务费项目(2015JBFM02)

摘　　要：为揭示三角帆蚌Hyriopsis cumingii钩介幼虫寄生包囊的形成规律,选用黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco、鲤Cyprinus carpio和二次寄生黄颡鱼P.fulvidraco 3种鱼鳃丝为寄主,对三角帆蚌钩介幼虫进行了寄生试验,分析了不同宿主对钩介幼虫发育的影响,并对钩介幼虫在3种宿主鱼鳃丝上形成包囊的时间、寄生数量、包囊形成位置进行了形态学观察和比较。结果表明:在水温(24±1)℃时,寄生于黄颡鱼鳃丝上的钩介幼虫第7天首次开始脱落稚蚌,第8天为脱落高峰期,直至第12天才从鱼体脱落完全;寄生于鲤鳃丝上的钩介幼虫在第4天就脱落完全且没有发现稚蚌。在扫描电镜下观察显示:三角帆蚌钩介幼虫首次寄生在黄颡鱼鳃丝基端3 h形成包囊,6 h幼虫在整片鳃丝形成包囊;三角帆蚌钩介幼虫在鲤鳃丝不能完全形成包囊;在二次寄生黄颡鱼鳃丝基端5 h形成包囊,8 h幼虫在整片鳃丝形成包囊,且三角帆蚌钩介幼虫首次寄生在黄颡鱼鳃上的寄生数量多于二次寄生黄颡鱼和鲤鳃上的寄生数量;三角帆蚌钩介幼虫主要寄生在鱼的鳃丝,很少寄生在鳃耙和鳃弓。Parasitic encystments of glochidia of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii on gill filaments were investigated in three fish species including yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,common carp Cyprinus carpio and secondly parasited yellow catfish by glochidia of freshwater pearl mussel to evaluate effects of different host fish on development of the glochidia. Meanwhile,the time,node and location of encystment,and parasitic number of glochidium in gill filaments of the host fish were observed and morphologically compared. The results showed that the larvae began to fall off from the host fish in 7 days,the peak on the 8 th day and were completely released from the host fish at water temperature of(24±1) ℃. The larvae were found totally to fall off from the host common carp on the 4 th day after successful adherent to the gills. The scanning electron microscope revealed that the cysts were observed at the base of gill filaments of yellow catfish in 3 hours,and that the whole gills were covered with cysts in6 hours. No encystments were found on the gills of common carp. However,the cysts were appeared on the base of the secondly parasited yellow catfish in 5 hours,and covered the whole gills in 8 hours. There were more glochidia on the gills in yellow catfish than in the secondly parasited yellow catfish and common carp,primarily on the gill filaments rather than gill rakers and gill arches.

关 键 词：三角帆蚌 钩介幼虫 寄生包囊 寄主鱼 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]