江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物群落特征  

Macrozoobenthic community in the coastal waters in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：张虎[1] 袁健美[1] 刘必林[2,3,4,5] 贲成恺 于雯雯[1] 高继先[1] 杨波[6] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [5]远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306 [6]国家海洋局南通海洋环境监测中心站,江苏南通226002

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2017年第6期732-739,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41306127);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047);江苏省财政资金资助项目(计[2014]11号)

摘　　要：为了解江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物现状,分别于2014年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月),对该海域大型底栖生物种类组成、生物量、丰度和生物多样性进行了调查。结果表明:3个航次共采集到大型底栖生物种类6门(环节动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物、软体动物、腔肠动物和鱼类)92种,其中,甲壳动物种类最多(31种),其次为鱼类(28种)和软体类(27种),大型底栖生物种类数呈现北部海域(54种)>南部海域(32种)>中部海域(30种)的特征,优势种类主要有伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina、海地瓜Acaudina molpadioides、马氏刺蛇尾Ophrothrix marenzelleri、沙蚕Nereis succinea、毛蚶Scapharca kagoshimensis和缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta;3个航次大型底栖生物平均丰度为6.33 ind./m2,时空分布为春季南部海域>中部海域和北部海域,夏季为南部海域>北部海域>中部海域,秋季为北部海域>南部海域>中部海域;大型底栖生物平均生物量为13.22 g/m2,时空分布为春季和夏季南部海域>北部海域>中部海域,秋季为中部海域>南部海域>北部海域;以季节和海域为双因素对物种数、丰度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行方差分析,结果表明,除丰度不同海域间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)外,其他各项均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,与历史资料相比,江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物种类数减少,优势种类发生变化。Macrozoobenthic community including species composition,abundance,biomass,and biodiversity was monitored in the coastal waters in Jiangsu Province in spring,summer,and autumn of 2014. A total of 92 species were found,belonging to six categories(Annulata,Echinodermata,Crustacea,Mollusca,Coelenterata and Fish),with the maximal number of crustacea(31 species),followed by fish(28 species) and mollusca(27 species).The order of number of macrobenthic species was expressed as norther part(54 species) > southern part(32 species) > middle part(30 species),with dominant species of Oliva mustelina,Acaudina molpadioides,Ophrothrix marenzelleri,Nereis succinea sp.,Scapharca kagoshimensis,and Sinonovacula constrzcta and average abundance of6.33 ind./m2. The spatial and temporal profiles of average abundance was described as south part > middle part and north part in spring,south part >north part >middle part in summer and north part >south part >middle part in autumn. The order of spatial and temporal profile of average macrobenthic biomass was expressed as south part >north part >middle part in spring and summer and middle part > south part > north part in autumn,with average macrobenthic biomass of 13.22 g/m2. Variance analysis of species number,abundance,biomass,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margaled diversity index,and Pielou evenness index using season and sea area as two factors revealed that there were no significant differences in those factors(P>0.05) except for abundance in various parts of the surveyed area(P<0.05).

关 键 词：大型底栖生物 丰度 生物量 多样性 江苏沿岸海域 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]