基于乘客热舒适性的空调列车软卧包厢送风气流组织优化研究  

Optimization of Ventilation Air Distribution in Soft Sleeper Compartment Based on Thermal Comfort of Air-conditioned Train Passenger

作　　者：刘志永[1] 尹海国[1] 孙翼翔 李安桂[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《铁道学报》2017年第12期50-57,共8页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51408477);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2014JQ7235);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(17JK0450);西安建筑科技大学科技项目(QN1418)

摘　　要：基于空调列车软卧包厢乘客热舒适性的提升,提出一种新型的双贴附组合式送风方式。采用实验验证后的数值计算模型对双贴附组合式送风方式的温度场、速度场进行模拟,并选用PMV和空气龄指标进行舒适性对比分析。结果表明,相对于现有送风方式,双贴附组合式送风方式能够有效解决包厢内上、下铺人员区域温度分布不均匀、人员有吹风感等不舒适性的问题。同时研究给出了采用双贴附组合式送风方式的最优送风方案,此时包厢内上、下铺人员区域最大温差2.27℃,各测点处速度均不超过0.25m/s,PMV值位于-1到1之间,空气龄均小于60s,能够较好地满足客车软卧包厢环境设计及人员舒适性要求。研究结果为双贴附组合式送风方式的实际应用提供了数据支撑。In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers in the air-conditioned soft sleeper compartment of a train,a novel double-attached ventilation mode was presented.A numerical model verified by relevant experiments was used to simulate the compartment temperature fields and velocity fields of the double attached ventilation mode,and the predicted mean vote（PMV）and mean air age of the existing ventilation mode were used to compare the comfort.The results show that the double-attached ventilation can solve the problems in the existing air supply mode,such as uneven temperature distribution on the upper berth or the lower berth region,and passenger draft sensation in the soft sleeper compartment.Meanwhile,the best solution of double-attached ventilation was provided.Under this model,the maximum temperature difference of 2.27 ℃ between upper berth and lower berth region,the air velocity of lower than 0.25 m/s at each measured point,the range of PMV value between-1 and 1,and the mean air age of less than 60 s,can meet the requirements of compartment environment design and human thermal comfort.The current results provide data support for the application of the double-attached ventilation.

关 键 词：通风 气流组织 双贴附送风 列车空调 热舒适性 

分 类 号：U270.38[机械工程—车辆工程]