中国经济成就的政治经济学原因  

The Political Economy Causes for China's Economic Success

作　　者：姚洋 

出　　处：《经济与管理研究》2018年第1期3-12,共10页Research on Economics and Management

摘　　要：中国改革开放四十年来的经济增长堪称奇迹。已有研究大多停留在讨论哪些经济政策和制度变革促成了这个奇迹,较少涉及为什么中国政府能够采取正确的政策和制度变革这样的政治经济学问题。本文认为,三个因素决定了中国在政治经济学方面的成功,即中性的中央政府、地方分权和选贤任能的官员选拔体制。中性政府保证国家层面的决策不受利益集团的干扰,采取能够促进经济增长的政策和制度变革;地方分权给予地方官员强烈的发展动力;选贤任能的官员选拔体制保证地方官员执行中央的政策,抵消分权可能带来的负面作用。这三个因素对于其他发展中国家具有借鉴意义。China's economic growth in the past 40 years has been a miracle. Most of the existing studies have tried to find out what China has done right in terms of economic policy and institutional reform; few have attempted to study why and how China has done right. The question of "why"and "how"begs a political economy answer.This paper argues that there are three political economy causes for China's extraordinary economic success,namely,a disinterested central government,economic decentralization,and a meritocratic promotion system for government officials. A disinterested central government is free of the interference of interest groups,so it is able to adopt growth-enhancing economic policies and institutional reforms. Economic decentralization gives local officials strong incentives to develop the local economy. And a meritocratic promotion system makes sure that local officials implement central government policies,so it minimizes the negative consequences of economic decentralization that have plagued many developing countries. China's experience offers useful lessons for other developing countries.

关 键 词：中国经济 中性 政府 地方分权 选贤任能 

分 类 号：F120.3[经济管理—世界经济]