黑蝶贝养殖现状与前景初步分析  

Situation and Prospect Analysis of Pinctada Margaritifera Culture

作　　者：李军涛[1] 冼健安[1] 王冬梅[1] 梁盛 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口571101 [2]三沙海蓝蓝珍珠养殖有限公司,海南海口571101

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2017年第6期97-101,共5页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(1630052016011和1630052016021);国家星火计划项目(2015GA800005)

摘　　要：黑蝶贝是目前唯一能批量生产黑珍珠的珍珠贝类。20世纪70年代以来,国内开始进行黑蝶贝的研究和培育,在人工育苗、苗种中间培育、插核术前处理、关键插核技术及术后休养等方面取得了一定的研究进展,但目前还没有达到规模化生产程度。在养殖及珍珠培育过程中遇到的主要问题是:苗种培育阶段暴发的外套膜流行病;海洋环境恶化导致的高死亡率;插核后死亡率、脱核率高,造成存珠率不高等。针对黑蝶贝繁育、培育、插核等技术的研究进展及养殖现状与问题进行述评,为黑蝶贝健康养殖的进一步研究及黑珍珠的规模化生产提供参考。The black pearl,rare and valuable,has broad prospects on the consumer market. At present,Pinctada Margaritifera is the only shellfish that can produce black pearls on a large scale. This paper briefly reviews the research achievements of P. margaritifera breeding,culture,and nuclear insertion technology,as well as its aquaculture situation and problems. This will provide useful information for further study of the healthy aquaculture of P. Margaritifera and large scale production of black pearls. Research and breeding of P. margaritifera began in China in the 1970 s,and scientists have made progress in artificial breeding,seedling aquaculture,preoperative treatment,key technologies of nuclear insertion,and postoperative recuperation. The aquaculture and P. margaritifera pearl producing industry has gradually developed in the coastal areas of Beihai in Guangxi Province,Zhanjiang in Guangdong Province and Sansha in Hainan Province. However,large scale production of black pearls has not been realized. The main problems existing in the breeding and aquaculture of P. Margaritifera are as follows：outbreak of mantle epidemics in the seedling stage,high mortality caused by marine environment deterioration and a low rate of pearl production caused by high mortality and a high denucleation rate after nuclear insertion.

关 键 词：黑蝶贝 养殖技术 育珠技术 

分 类 号：S968.316.4[农业科学—水产养殖]