2种粉碎粒度饼粕类饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究  

Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Oil Cakes in Two Particle Sizes

作　　者：李媛 刁其玉[1] 王世琴[1] 孔路欣 樊庆山 屠焰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2017年第12期61-66,118,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303143)

摘　　要：试验旨在探索茶籽粕等新型饲料作为反刍动物饲料的可能性,研究豆粕、油茶籽粕等6种饼粕类饲料的瘤胃降解特性及样品粉碎粒度对其瘤胃降解特性的影响。以3只安装永久性瘘管的小尾寒羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定2.5 mm和0.45 mm 2种粉碎粒度的豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、棕榈仁粕、茶籽粕和油茶籽粕的有机物(OM)和粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:2.5 mm粉碎粒度下,豆粕OM和CP的有效降解率分别为51.98%和56.37%,显著高于其余5种原料(P<0.05);油茶籽粕和茶籽粕CP的有效降解率仅次于豆粕(P<0.05);棕榈仁粕的各营养成分瘤胃降解率均为最低;粒度为0.45 mm饼粕饲料的瘤胃有效降解率均高于粒度为2.5 mm饼粕饲料(P<0.05);豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕的能氮负平衡程度较大;棕榈仁粕、茶籽粕和油茶籽粕的能氮平衡负平衡程度小。从瘤胃降解特性来看,豆粕OM的瘤胃降解率最高,茶籽粕和油茶籽粕CP的瘤胃降解率较高,棕榈仁粕各营养成分瘤胃降解率较低,过瘤胃率较高,瘤胃降解氮利用率较高。This experiment was conducted to explore the possibility of using tea seed meal and camellia seed meal as the new feed of ruminant and explore the influence of different particle sizes on degradation characteristics. Three Small Tail Han Sheep with permanent rumen fistula were selected to determine the degradation characteristics of organic matter（OM） and crude protein（CP） of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, palm kernel meal, tea seed meal and camellia seed cake in 2.5 mm and 0.45 mm particle sizes. In 2.5 mm particle sizes, the effective degradability of OM and CP in soybean meal were 51.98% and 56.37% respectively, significantly higher than others （P〈0.05）, while the values of CP in tea seed meal and camellia seed cake were lower than soybean meal （P〈0.05）. The rumen degradability of OM, CP in palm kernel meal were the lowest. The rumen degradability of oil cake in 0.45 mm size were significantly higher than the oil cake in 2.5 mm （P〈0.05）. The values of rumen energy nitrogen balance in soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were extremely negative, while the values of palm kernel meal, tea seed meal and camellia seed cake were very close to 0. In conclusion, the degradability of OM in soybean meal were the highest, while the degradability of CP of tea seed meal and Camellia seed cake were higher than others. The rumen degradability in palm kernel meal were the lowest, which meant the undegradable part was high. Otherwise, palm kernel meal had a high utilization efficiency of rumen degradable nitrogen.

关 键 词：饼粕类饲料 粉碎粒度 小尾寒羊 瘤胃降解率 

分 类 号：S827.5[农业科学—畜牧学]