铁肥管道输液滴干对苹果铁营养的影响  

Effect of iron fertilization through pipe transfusion to trunk on iron nutrition in apple

作　　者：薛进军[1,2] 田自武[1] 崔美香[1] 刘贵巧[1] 刘子英[1] 赵志军[1] 杨青琴 马幸幸 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056000 [2]广西大学,南宁530004

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第12期1537-1544,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31572198)

摘　　要：【目的】通过铁肥管道输液滴干,探索防止苹果缺铁失绿症和提高果实铁含量的途径。【方法】将Fe-N通过管道、滴头直接插入苹果树干,测定不同器官的全铁、活性铁含量,叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),百叶重、百叶厚、叶绿素荧光、SPAD与活性铁的相关性。【结果】16.4×10-3mol·L-1N-Fe处理的叶片SPAD值(57.43)、百叶重(66.57 g)、百叶厚(5.90 cm)、全铁(788.9 mg·kg-1)及活性铁(526.5 mg·kg-1)含量显著高于对照,光能转化率和不同器官的活性铁含量也以16.4×10-3mol·L-1处理最高,所有铁处理果实中的铁含量都显著高于对照。叶片SPAD值与活性铁含量显著正相关(相关系数0.899)。【结论】铁肥管道输液滴干可以防止苹果缺铁失绿症,并显著提高果实铁含量,提高叶片光合性能,可以通过SPAD值折算叶片活性铁含量。[ Objective ] Iron deficiency chlorosis is still causing huge losses to crop yield and quality in calcareous soils. The correction methods using iron fertilizer include soil application, spraying, injection and so on, but there are still some problems. Therefore, exploring new ways of the iron fertilization to improve apple iron nutrition is needed. [Methods] The container for holding iron fertilizer solution was a tank made of bricks. The main pipe was a PVC pipe, and the branch pipes were made from PE. The soft capil- lary pipes had an internal diameter of 0.4 mm. One end of the capillary pipes was inserted into the branch pipe, and the other end connected to a dripper with a flow rate of 2 L- h-1 that was inserted into the trunk, with one dripper per tree. The iron fertilizer used was Fe-N. The contents of the total iron and active iron in leaves, flowers, xylem and phloem of new shoots and fruits were measured; relative content of chloro- phylls （SPAD value）, leaf weight, leaf thickness, and chlorophyll fluorescence were determined; and the correlation between SPAD and active iron was analyzed. [ Results ] Leaf SPAD values increased significant- ly and the leaves showed no symptom of chlorosis after infusion with iron fertilizer. The leaf SPAD values, leaf weight, leaf thickness, and the contents of total iron and active iron in the treatment with 16.4 x 10-3 mol＂ L-I N-Fe （T1） were significantly higher than those in control. The chlorophyll fluorescence parame- ters of the leaves were affected by drip transfusion with different concentrations of Fe-N solution. Among them, the relative rate of electron transfer （ETR）, qbPSII, the actual quantum yield （Yield）, PS potential activity of （Fv/Fo）, maximal fluorescence yield （Fro）, the primary energy conversion efficiency of PS II （Fv/Fm） were higher in T1 than in the control. The total iron conlent in the shoot xylem had no significant difference between treatment and control, but the active iron content in T1 was significantly higher

关 键 词：苹果 铁营养 铁肥 管道输液滴干 叶片光合性能 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]