4种梨砧木实生苗生长及其叶片、新梢和根中的矿质元素含量的变化  

Seedling growth of four pear rootstocks and changes in mineral elements in their leaves,shoots and roots during growing season

作　　者：张玉良 宗宇 宋建坤 李鼎立 王新慧 王然 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园艺学院.青岛市园艺植物遗传改良与育种重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第12期1545-1555,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-07);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2013BAD02B01-2);山东省农业良种工程(2014-2016年)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同梨砧木实生苗新梢生长动态与生长期内叶片、新梢(去叶)及根中矿质营养含量的变化,以明确不同梨砧木实生苗在矿质元素含量及生长方面存在的差异。【方法】以白梨中的‘莱阳小香水’(Pyrus bretschnederi,‘Laiyangxiaoxiangshui’)、山梨(P.ussuriensis,Shanli)、湖北棠梨(P.betulaefolia,Hubeitangli)和河北杜梨(P.betulaefolia,Hebeiduli)2 a生实生苗为试材,测定了生长期内叶片、新梢(去叶)及根中矿质元素含量和新梢生长量变化。【结果】‘莱阳小香水’与山梨的新梢生长变化趋势相似,2种杜梨的相似。‘莱阳小香水’与山梨的新梢在6月初停止生长,而2种杜梨在8月初停止生长。新梢长度依次为河北杜梨>湖北棠梨>‘莱阳小香水’>山梨。‘莱阳小香水’主干顶部新梢至8月初停止生长,其株高与河北杜梨相似。叶片中N和K含量以河北杜梨最高,山梨含量最低;叶片和新梢中P的含量在不同梨中相似,根中的略有差异;叶片和新梢中Ca的含量以山梨最高;叶片中Mg的含量以河北杜梨最低。根中除K和Mg外,山梨中其他矿质元素在测定终点值均高于其他实生苗。【结论】2种杜梨新梢生长量明显大于‘莱阳小香水’和山梨,山梨的主干停止生长早,高度明显低于其他3种梨。不同梨实生苗矿质元素含量差异较大,而来源不同的2种杜梨叶片和新梢中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn和Zn元素含量相似,变化趋势相同。[Objective]Pear is one of the most important deciduous fruits in the world. Several species of Pyrus are commercially used as rootstocks for cultivated pear cuhivars. Rootstocks may affect the performance of growth and fruiting of the scion cuhivars through uptake and transportation of the mineral elements. The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of mineral elements in different organs of different pear rootstock seedlings during the growing season in order to understand the effect of rootstock on scion performance. [Methods] Two-year-old seedlings of P. ussuriensis Maxim, ＇Xiaoxiangshui＇ （P. bretschnederi Rehd.） and two local types （Hebei Duli and Hubei Tangli） of P. betulaefolia Bunge from two locations were selected as materials to study the growth potential and mineral contents in these Pyrus seedlings. 30 seedling plants were randomly selected for each species or local types for the measurements of shoot length and plant height, and 10 plants for the measurements of the contents in mineral elements in the leaves, shoots and roots. N content was determined with a semi micro Kjeldahl N method, P using vanadium molybdate yellow colorimetric method, and K with a flame photometer. The determination of the other mineral elements was carried out with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All the data were an- alyzed using DPS v3.01 statistical software. [ Results ] The shoot growth patterns of the two P. betulaefolia Bunge were similar, and that of P. bretschnederi var. ＇ Xiaoxiangshui＇ was similar to that of P. ussuriensis Maxim. The cessation of shoot growth of P. bretschnederi ＇Xiaoxiangshui＇ and P. ussuriensis Maxim occurred earlier than that in the two local types of P. betulaefolia Bunge. The growth of the two P. betulaefolia Bunge showed a typical ＂S＂ pattern. The order of shoot length was Hebei Dull （P. betulaefolia Bunge） 〉 Hubei Tangli （P. betulaefolia Bunge） 〉 ＇Xiaoxiangshui＇ （P. bretschnederi Rehd） 〉 Shanli （P. us- suriensis Maxim）. The

关 键 词：梨 实生苗 矿质元素 砧木 生长 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]