环割和摘心对薄壳山核桃枝条生长和叶片碳氮代谢物积累的影响  

Effects of ringing and cutting off growing-tip on shoot growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolite accumulation in leaves of pecan

作　　者：冯刚 裴文 吴亚云 曲开军 李小飞 彭方仁 

机构地区：[1]南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [2]句容市农业委员会,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期8-12,共5页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省林业三新工程项目(Lysx2016[44]);国家林业局“948”项目(2015-4-16);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：【目的】探索薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)合理高效的修剪措施,提高薄壳山核桃结果枝的比例,为建立丰产优质的修剪技术体系提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’)的幼树新梢为试验材料,研究环割和摘心处理对不同规格(以枝条长度进行划分)生长期枝条的生长和叶片中碳氮代谢物积累的影响。【结果】规格A(20~25 cm)、规格B(30~35 cm)和规格C(40~45 cm)枝条经环割处理后长度均低于对照,粗度和叶片碳氮代谢物含量均高于对照;其中规格A枝条长度低于对照22.09%,规格C枝条的粗度与对照的差异最大;可溶性糖含量一直呈上升趋势,而淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势。规格A、B和C枝条摘心处理后长度均低于对照,粗度和叶片碳氮代谢物含量均高于对照;其中规格A枝条长度低于对照15.05%,规格B和C粗度与对照差异显著;叶片碳氮代谢物含量出现不同的变化趋势,其中规格B枝条碳氮代谢物含量与对照存在显著差异;规格C枝条平均萌发两条新枝,最大长度达26.75 cm,最大粗度达8.86 mm。【结论】环割和摘心处理均能抑制‘波尼’枝条长度生长并促进粗度生长,但在不同规格间的效果有差异;摘心对规格C枝条萌发新枝的促进效果最好。[ Objective]The present study investigated reasonable and efficient pruning methods in pecan （Carya illi- noinensis）, in order to provide a theoretical basis for cultivating a high-yield. [ Method ] Different-size branches of ＇Pawnee＇ , a 5-year-old pecan cuhivar, were used as experimental materials to study the effects of ringing and cutting off the growing-tips on the growth of branches and the accumulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolites in leaves. [ Results ] The lengths of branches in group A （20-25 cm in length）, B （30-35 cm in length） and C （40-45 cm in length） were lower than the control, while the diameters of A, B and C branches were higher than the cootrol, after ringing treat- ments. The length of A branches was lower than the control by 22.09%, and the difference in diameter between the C branches and the control was the largest. The content of soluble sugar in leaves exhibited an increasing trend, while starch and soluble protein contents showed an up-down pattern. The content of carbon-nitrogen metabolites in the leaves of A, B and C branches was higher than that in the leaves of the control. The content of soluble sugars constantly in- creased, and other indices showed an increasing trend initially and then a decreasing trend. The length of the A, B and C branches was lower than the control, while the diameter and carbon-nitrogen metabolite content in all groups were higher than those in the control after cutting off the growing-tips. However, the carbon-nitrogen mctabolite contents showed different trends among the groups. The average number of new developmental branches in group C was two, with a maximum length of 26. 75 cm and a maximum diameter of 8.86 mm. The content of carbon-nitrogen metabolites in group B was significantly different compared to that in the control. [ Conclusion] The cutting off growing-tip treatment in- hibited the growth of branches in length, and promoted the growth of branches in diameter. Branches in group C sprouted buds, and showed the best respons

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 生长季修剪 碳氮代谢物 环割 摘心 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学] Q945.12[农业科学—园艺学]