小叶杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及花粉萌发力观测  

Study on meiosis of microspore mother cells and germination rate of pollen grains in Populus simonii Carr.

作　　者：兰月 辛昊阳 赵乙琏 孙志强[2] 戴筱 解志伟 席梦利 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]渭南职业技术学院,陕西渭南714000

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第6期177-180,共4页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(16KJA220001);国家自然科学基金项目(31670603);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨小叶杨(Populus simonii)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程的特征及花粉萌发能力,为其杂交育种及分子细胞遗传学研究奠定基础。【方法】以小叶杨发育良好的雄花枝为研究材料,采用卡宝品红压片法,观察花粉母细胞减数分裂过程的特点,比较不同条件水培花枝对花粉萌发能力的影响。【结果】从小孢子母细胞发育到花粉粒,花芽除了稍增粗以外,外观没有明显变化;减数分裂过程存在核仁数目的动态变化、落后染色体及不同类型的纺锤体;室内水培花枝的花粉较室外水培的萌发能力强,室外水培的花枝花粉中观察到了2n花粉;同一花枝上的不同花芽及同一花芽中不同小花的发育不同步,但同一小花中的不同花药发育基本一致。【结论】小叶杨可以产生天然2n花粉,是杨树多倍体育种及分子细胞遗传学研究的良好试验材料。[ Objective ] In order to lay the foundation for cross breeding and molecular cytogenetics of Populus simonii, the characteristics of the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and pollen germination ability were analyzed. [ Method] We observed the meiosis processes of mierosporocytes using carbol fuchin staining, and compared the pollen germination ca- pacity under different conditions for culturing flower branches. [ Result] There was no obvious change in the flower buds except slightly thicker from the stage of microsporocyte to pollen grains during the meiosis. There was dynamic change of the number of nucleolus, lagged chromosomes and different kinds of spindles during the meiosis. The germination rate for the pollen grains of indoor flower branch is higher than the pollen grains of outdoor flower branch, and 2n gametes were observed from the pollen grains of outdoor flower branch. Different flower buds in one flowering branch or different florets in one flower bud showed non-synchronization in the meiosis processes of microsporocytes, but different anthers in one floret showed synchronization in the processes of meiosis. [ Conclusion]The P. simonii could produce natural 2n pollen. It is an ideal species for the research of polyploid breeding and molecular cytogenetics of poplar.

关 键 词：小叶杨 小孢子母细胞 减数分裂 2N花粉 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q23[农业科学—林学]