2002-2016年黔南州新发现麻风病402例的传染来源与发现方式分析  

Sources of infection and ways of discovery of 402 leprosy new cases in Qiannan of Guizhou,2002-2016

作　　者：吴昌华[1] 吴芙蓉[1] 王红艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省黔南州疾病预防控制中心,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第23期4361-4364,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解黔南州麻风新病例传染来源,比较不同方式发现病例情况,为做好早期发现病例工作提供依据。方法2002年起,5年为一年段,统计全州新发现麻风病例性别、年龄、诊断延迟期≤2年、Ⅱ畸残和传染来源与发现方式,作相关比较分析。结果全州新发现麻风病402例中,传染来源家内、家外和不明分别占28.11%(113/402)、31.59%(127/402)和40.30%(162/402),自报、线索调查和皮肤科门诊发现麻风病例构成比较高,分别占31.09%(125/402)、28.61%(115/402)和21.14%(85/402);自报、皮肤科门诊和接触者检查发现诊断延迟期≤2年病例构成比较高,分别占其发现病例数67.20%(84/125)、67.06%(57/85)和65.22%(15/23);皮肤科门诊、接触者检查和自报发现Ⅱ畸残病例构成比较低,分别占其发现病例数15.29%(13/85)、21.74%(5/23)和24.80%(31/125)。结论加大麻风早期症状、延迟治疗导致畸残宣传力度,进一步提高自报、他报和线索调查早期病例比例;提高专业人员早期发现、诊断麻风病技能;疫点调查、接触者检查发现病例少,亟待加强提高。Objective To understand the sources of new cases of leprosy in Qiannan, and to compare different discovery methods of the new cases, so as to provide the basis for early case detection. Methods The sex, age, the ratio of diagnosis delayed period of 2 years or less, the ratio of grade 2 deformities, infectious sources and finding ways of leprosy new cases from 2002 to 2016 of the whole region were collected for comparative analysis. Results The cases with domestic, external, and unknown sources of infection accounted for 28.11% （113/402） ,31.59% （127/402） and 40.30% （162/402） of the 402 leprosy new eases, respectively. The large numbers of self - report cases, clue screening cases and dermatology outpatient cases accounted for 31.09% （125/402）,28.61% （115/402） and 21.14% （85/402） of the total. Among the cases from self- report,dermatological clinic and contact examination, the numbers of eases with diagnosis delayed period of 2 years or less accounted for 67.20% （84/125） ,67.06% （57/85） and 65.22% （ 15/23 ） ,respectively. The proportions of cases with grade 2 deformities among dermatology outpatient, contact examination, and self- report cases were low, which were 15.29% （13/ 85） ,21.74% （5/23） and 24.80% （31/125）. Conclusion The efforts to propagandize early case detection should be strengthened, and the awareness that delayed treatment will lead to the abnormality should be improved. The professionals＇ability of early case detection and diagnosis should be enhanced. The cases from self - report, dermatological clinic, clue screening, key -point investigation and contact examination should be increased.

关 键 词：麻风病 传染来源 发现方式 分析 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]