特别重大自然灾害损失统计内容的国际对比——基于《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》和PDNA系统的分析  

International Comparisons of Large-scale Natural Disasters Damage and Loss Assessment: Based on “Statistical System of Large-scale Natural Disasters”and PDNA

作　　者：周洪建 王曦 

机构地区：[1]民政部国家减灾中心,北京100124

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2017年第10期1030-1038,共9页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划全球变化及应对重点专项项目"全球变化人口与经济系统风险形成机制及评估研究(编号:2016YFA0602403)"资助~~

摘　　要：2014年6月民政部、国家减灾委员会办公室发布实施的《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》(简称《统计制度》)在规范统计内容与指标的同时,为多次重特大自然灾害灾后恢复重建规划编制提供了基础,但对恢复重建规划的直接指导作用仍有限。以国际主流的灾后需求评估(Post Disaster Needs Assessment,PDNA)系统为主要研究对象,在详细分析PDNA系统内容与特色的基础上,从目标、内容与指标体系、评估方法、评估参数等4个方面与《统计制度》进行了对比分析。未来,应基于《统计制度》拓展增加恢复重建需求评估指标,不断优化完善灾害评估参数库,服务中央—省—地—县等多级用户,编制配套技术标准并优化评估技术规程。研究对于优化完善《统计制度》内容与指标,更好地服务于灾后恢复重现决策,实现与国际接轨有重要的现实意义。In June 2014, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Disaster Reduction Committee Office is- sued the ＂Statistical System of Large-scale Natural Disasters Damage and Loss＂ （SSLNDD＆L）, in which the standard statistical content and index were explored. Examined by several major natural disasters in recent years, such as Ludian earthquake （Ms 6.5） on 3 August 2014, Nepal earthquake （Ms 8. 1） on 25 April 2015, SSLNDD＆L provided good basis for post disaster recovery and reconstruction planning, but the direct guidance of reconstruction planning was still limited. Post Disaster Needs Assessment （ PDNA）, the mainstream of the interna- tional disaster needs assessment system, was taken as the main research object, and the content and characteristics of PDNA system were analyzed in detail. The comparison analysis was made from the objectives, contents and in- dex system, evaluation methodology, evaluation parameters between the SSLNDD＆L and PDNA. In the future, ex- panding and increasing various industries and local evaluation index focusing on recovery and reconstruction needs, optimizing the disaster assessment parameter database used for the multi-user such as the Central-Province-County scale, supporting the preparation of technical standard optimization evaluation process to form a complete assess- ment technical specification should be put forward as the future development of the SSLNDD＆L. It is of great prac- tical significance to optimize and perfect the content and index of the SSLNDD＆L to better serve the decision mak- ing of the recovery and reconstruction after large-scale disasters, and to achieve international standards on large- scale disaster damage ＆ loss statistics and assessment in China

关 键 词：特别重大自然灾害 损失统计 指标体系 评估参数 PDNA 

分 类 号：P954[天文地球—自然地理学]