不同退化程度人工梭梭林对土壤理化性质与生物学特性的影响  

Physicochemical and biological properties of soil in Haloxylon ammodendron plantations with different states of degradation

作　　者：刘江[1] 徐先英[1,2] 张荣娟 崔文天 赵鹏[2] 丁爱强 付贵全 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院民勤治沙综合试验站,甘肃民勤733000 [2]甘肃省治沙研究所荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃腾格里绿土地科技有限公司,甘肃武威733000 [4]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2017年第12期1-12,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD16B0203);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB723203);国家自然科学基金(41161006);甘肃省科技计划资助项目(1606RJYA311)资助

摘　　要：根据植被数据将民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带12个退化人工梭梭林样点采用聚类分析的方法划分为4个退化程度,研究了不同退化程度人工梭梭林对土壤理化性质与生物学特性的影响,结果表明,1)人工梭梭林退化对土壤容重、全盐含量与阳离子代换量影响不显著,对有机质与p H影响显著;随着土层深度增加以及退化程度加剧,有机质含量降低,p H值变化复杂。2)三类微生物数量与微生物总数总体随着土层深度增加而降低,0~5 cm土层中细菌数量占极大优势,其他土层上细菌数量与放线菌数量相当,各土层中真菌数量极少。随着退化程度的加剧,真菌数量无明显变化;0~5 cm与5~10 cm土层的细菌数量、放线菌数量与微生物总数均显著减少,10~20 cm土层无显著变化;0~5 cm土层细菌和放线菌比例变化复杂,而其他土层无显著变化。3)4种酶的活性总体上随土层加深而降低,0~5 cm土层酶活性随退化程度加剧而降低,而5~10 cm与10~20 cm土层无显著变化。人工梭梭林退化对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶与蛋白酶活性的影响大于对蔗糖酶活性的影响,过氧化氢酶、脲酶与蛋白酶的敏感性强于蔗糖酶。4)土壤理化性质、微生物数量以及酶活性间相关性总体较强,但理化性质间相关性较弱,容重、放线菌数量同其他指标相关性较弱。退化人工梭梭林的土壤肥力、生物学性质等已经发生衰减,其恢复需要土壤的综合改良。Haloxylon ammodendron was introduced to the Minqin region from Xinjiang province in the 1960 s. It became the primary species for windbreak and sand stabilization planting. The area in H. ammodendron plantation forest in Minqin County is about 3. 5 × 10^4 ha,51. 5 % of the total plantation forest area. Degradation H. ammodendron forest had b een ob served since the 1970 s,seriously threatening the survival and development of the Minqin Oasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of soil under H. ammodendron forests with different degradation states in the Minqin oasis-desert ecotone,Gansu. 12 plots were selected in the degradation gradient; soil samples were collected from 0-5 cm,5-10 cm,10-20 cm depths from a representative area in each plot. Each plot was assigned（ using vegetation indices） to one of four degradation grades（ no degradation,light degradation,moderate degradation and severe degradation） using hierarchical cluster analysis. The soil physicochemical properties,microbial number,and enzyme activities were analysed. The effect of degradation of H. ammodendron forest on soil bulk density,total salt content,cation exchange capacity was not obvious,but soil organic gradually decreased and p H changed complexly with increasing degradation and increasing of soil depth. The total number of microbes and microbe species decreased with increasing soil depth; numbers of bacteria were much higher than actinomycetes in 0-5 cm soil depth,but they were similar in deeper soil layers.Fungi were not prevalent in any soil layers. Increased degradation was not associated with changes in the number of fungi observed. Enzyme activity decreased with increasing soil depth with increased degradation. The impact of degradation of H. ammodendron forest on protease activity,catalase activity,urease activity was greater than for invertase activity,the former showed greater sensitivity to changes in resources and environment. There were strong correlations among soil phys

关 键 词：人工梭梭林 退化 理化性质 土壤微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]