中文最小有意义单位及其相关语言学和辞典学术语  

Smallest Meaningful Unit in Chinese and Related Linguistic and Lexicographical Terms

作　　者：陈国华 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《中国科技术语》2017年第6期30-37,42,共9页CHINA TERMINOLOGY

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"基于文字学;语法学与语言学理论的新型初级汉英教学辞典的研编"(15JJD740004)

摘　　要：笔者正在编写一部以语言的最小有意义单位"形位"(morpheme)作为主条目条首的汉英教学工具书,将多字词也收为主条目的条首,不收其没有意义的构成成分。词典一般以词作为主条目的条首,这部新编工具书收录的字许多却不是词。严格地说,这种工具书应该称为"形位典",可是汉语里不存在这样一个术语。本文重新考察形位、辞位(lexeme)和字位(grapheme)之间的关系,重新定义与中文最小有意义单位相关的字、词、辞、字典、词典、辞典、字典学、词典学、辞典学,提出将中文的最小有意义单位称为"辞位",将对辞和辞汇的研究称为"辞汇学",将对辞典的研究称为"辞典学"。In writing a ChineseEnglish pedagogical dictionary with the smallest meaningful units as heads of its main entries, we facea problemhow to name this dictionary in Chinese. It has multicharacter morphemes as heads of main entries, leaving no place fortheir meaningless components. A dictionary of words usually has words rather than nonwords as heads of its main entries, whereasmany of the head characters in this new dictionary are not words. Strictly speaking, this kind of dictionaries should be called adictionary of morphemes, yet there is no such term in Chinese. This article reexamines the relationship among morphemes, lexemes,and graphemes, redefines the various terms that are related to the smallest meaningful unit in Chinese, and proposes to term this unit“ ciwei” （辞位）, the study of lexes and vocabulary “cihuixue”（辞汇学）, and the study of Chinese dictionaries “cidianxue” （辞典学）.

关 键 词：字 词 形位 辞位 字典 词典 辞典 辞典学 

分 类 号：H083[语言文字—语言学]