高寒山区面降水量获取方法及影响因素研究进展  

Research Review on Calculation Methods and Influential Factors on Areal Precipitation of Alpine Mountains

作　　者：王磊 陈仁升[1,2] 宋耀选 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院内陆河生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《高原气象》2017年第6期1546-1556,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CBA01806);国家自然科学基金项目(41671029;41690141;91225302)

摘　　要：主要总结了高寒山区面降水数据的获取方法、影响因素及时空分布的研究进展,并指出了面降水量数据获取可能的解决途径。通常地面观测及空间插值、大气数值模式估算、遥感反演是面降水数据的主要获取方法,但应用于高寒山区都有一定局限性:地面观测点稀缺限制了各种空间插值方法的精度;大气数值模式,不能有效地模拟高寒山区复杂地形下的局地降水空间分布;地基遥感(多普勒雷达)受地形遮挡和自身条件的限制,空基遥感数据的精度受限于卫星搭载降水雷达的性能、卫星过境频率及空间分辨率等因素;对降水分布的估算存在很大误差。水汽源、坡向、海拔与下垫面地形是影响高山区降水量及其时空分布的主要因素。为此,在黑河上游祁连高山区,已进行的小范围加密观测、基于遥感空间格网的矩阵观测及大范围撒网式观测,仍是了解高寒山区降水量时空分布规律的基础;有待提高精度和时空分辨率的卫星数据,以及有效的地面-卫星遥感数据同化方法的研究,也将成为获取高寒山区精确的面降水量的有效途径;大气数值模式的降尺度研究也是一种途径,有待进一步研究。Areal precipitation is important for many branches of subjects,such as atmospheric sciences,ecology,hydrology and cryosphere science. The barriers of obtaining accurate areal precipitation are less precipitation data and the lack of relative research. The aim is to provide a research reviewon calculation methods and influential factors on areal precipitation in alpine mountains,and to indicate the likely research direction to obtain accurate precipitation data in alpine mountains. Nowadays,the main methods to obtain areal precipitation are ground observation,spatial interpolation,atmospheric numerical model and remote sensing. However,the precipitation observation stations are sparsely distributed and mainly distributed in lowelevation areas because of the various conditions and severe weather conditions in alpine mountains. In addition,the sparse observation points and complex terrain conditions limit the use of spatial interpolation and atmospheric numerical model. When these two methods are used to calculate the distribution of precipitation,the results are too poor to apply to the study of hydrological processes. Ground-based radar is affected by terrain shading and defect of its structure significantly,and satellite remote sensing is limited by radar performance,spatial resolution and satellite transit. Hence,the applicability to the precipitation distribution,especially the regional precipitation in mountainous areas,is not ideal. The distribution of precipitation and amount of precipitation in alpine mountains are influenced by source of water vapor,slope,altitude,topography and different underlying surface. The terrain and the atmospheric circulation act on the precipitation,which leads to a great variability of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation,and also increase the difficulty of obtaining accurate areal precipitation data. Therefore,the further research on distribution of precipitation in alpine mountains should be carried out in many aspects. For those reasons,small range encryptio

关 键 词：高寒山区 面降水量 获取方法 影响因素 时空分辨率 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]