2016年哈尔滨市医院感染病原菌菌群特点及构成分析  

Bacterial flora characteristics and constitution of pathogens of nosocomial infections in Harbin in 2016

作　　者：尹光昕[1] 曹子晶[1] 舒东娇[1] 张丽娜[1] 王颖[1] 刘莉莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2017年第23期5285-5287,5304,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的分析哈尔滨市医院感染病原菌菌群构成及多药耐药菌的分布特点,为医院感染预防和控制提供依据。方法选择哈尔滨市12家三级医院(均为三级甲等综合医疗机构)2016年全年所有住院患者医院感染细菌的送检标本5 620份;送检标本采用西门子MicroScan Walk-Away 96Plus全自动微生物鉴定仪进行分离鉴定和药敏试验;分析病原菌及多药耐药菌的分布情况并运用统计软件SPSS 17.0比较分析四个季度的差异性。结果2016年共分离出病原菌26 824株,其中革兰阴性菌19 961株占74.4%,革兰阳性菌6 190株占23.1%,真菌673株占2.5%;其中第一季度肺炎克雷伯菌与大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的构成比有显著差异(P<0.05);全年共检出多药耐药菌4 009株,其中泛耐药鲍氏不动杆菌1 414株占35.27%、分离率55.98%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌811株占20.23%、分离率25.86%。结论 2016年哈尔滨市医院感染病原菌主要以革兰阴性菌为主,第一季度肺炎克雷伯菌的构成比高于其他季度,全年泛耐药鲍氏不动杆菌的分离率最高。OBJECTIVE To analyze the constitution of infection pathogens and distribution characteristics of multidrug-resistant bacteria of pathogens of nosocomial infections in Harbin,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.METHODS A total of 5620 samples of nosocomial infection bacteria were collected from 12 tertiary hospitals in Harbin in 2016.Pathogen identification and drug sensitivity analysis were carried out by Microscan Walk-Away 96 Plus.Pathogens and multidrug-resistant bacteria distribution status were analyzed.The differences of four seasons were compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0.RESULTS There were26824 pathogen strains detected in 2016,including 19961 strains of gram-negative bacteria（74.4%）,6190 strains of gram-positive bacteria（23.1%）and 673 strains of fungi（2.5%）.There were significant differences in the constituent ratio of Klebsiella pneumonia in the first quarter to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus（P0.05）.There were 4009 strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria detected in 2016,including 1414 strains of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（constituent ratio of 35.27% and isolation rate of 55.98%）,and 811 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis（constituent ratio of 20.23% and isolation rate of 25.86%）.CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria are the primary nosocomia infection pathogens in Harbin in 2016.In particular,the positive rate of Klebsiella pneumoniain the first quarter is higher than other quarters,and the isolation rate of of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the highest in the full year.

关 键 词：医院感染 病原菌 多药耐药 微生物 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]