网络空间中犯罪预备行为的制裁思路与体系完善——截至《刑法修正案(九)》的网络预备行为规制体系的反思  

The Sanction System of the Criminal Preparation in the Network Space and the the Ways to Improve It——The Reflection on the Regulation System of Cybercrime Preparation up to “Amendment Ⅵ to the Criminal Law”

作　　者：于志刚 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学司法文明协同创新中心

出　　处：《法学家》2017年第6期58-71,共14页The Jurist

基　　金：2016年中国法学会部级法学研究重点委托课题"防范和打击网络新型违法犯罪研究"(CLS[2016]ZDWT07)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：预备行为的独立正犯化即独立犯罪化是刑法预防犯罪的重要理念和技术。犯罪预备行为在网络空间往往实现多种"一对多"的预备情形,威胁重要法益,同时经常是犯罪完成的关键,危害实现的可能性高,具有处罚必要性。当前刑事立法和司法制裁网络犯罪预备行为的模式是正犯化,特别是罪名的独立化。然而,总则中预备犯制裁条款的发动在实体上和程序上都面临诸多困难,分则中预备犯正犯化成为重要趋向,但这并非唯一可取的制裁模式。针对现有网络犯罪预备行为制裁体系的缺陷,解决入罪标准过高而刑罚幅度过低、网络犯罪预备行为的犯罪未完成责任弱化、立法正犯化的非法利用信息网络罪入罪行为范围宽严失调三个核心问题,实现刑事制裁体系的合理化调整而非变革是切实可行的。The behaviour of the preparation for crimes are transforming to the dependent act of perpetraton transforming to the dependent crimes,which is the crucial idea and technology of the crime prevention.The behaviour of the preparation for the crimes in the network space always implements a variety of "one to many"status,which has threatened the legal interests and been the key of completing crimes,so that it has a high possibility of completing damage that needs to be punished.Current sanction system of criminal legislation and the criminal justice on the behaviour of the preparation for network crimes is transforming to the act of perpetrating of specific provision of criminal law which also means transforming to the dependent accusation.However,the implement of the sanction system of the behaviour of the preparation in the general provisions of criminal law encounters many difficulties in the entity and the procedure.Therefore,focusing on deficiencies of the criminal sanctions system of the behaviour of the preparation for the network crimes,the criminal law should solve three core problems,which includes the high standard of transforming to the act of perpetrating but low range of the penalty,the justice' s failing of dealing with the responsibility of the preparative crime and the aborted crime,and the imbalanced crime scope of the network crime of illegal use of information.It is the inevitable direction to realize the scientization of the criminal sanctions system.

关 键 词：网络犯罪 犯罪预备 预备行为正犯化 非法利用信息网络罪 刑事政策 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]