公元1-3世纪罗马帝国西部的城市捐助人--以共餐捐助为中心的考察  

The City Benefactors in the West of the Roman Empire during the 1^(st) and 3^(rd) Centuries: Focusing on the Benefaction of the Public Dining

作　　者：温珊珊 

机构地区：[1]荷兰莱顿大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2017年第6期126-140,共15页World History

基　　金：国家留学基金资助

摘　　要：城市捐助人是古罗马社会的一个重要群体,集中出现于公元1世纪至3世纪。他们出资向城市提供捐助,共餐捐助是其中一个重要内容。经历了共和时期的发展,共餐捐助到帝国时不再囿于罗马一城,罗马城捐助人成为其他地区城市捐助人效仿的对象。在意大利和西部行省城市中,共餐捐助人的构成多样,不受性别限制,但绝大多数属于权贵阶层。个体捐助人的捐助行为似乎主要出于对自身利益的考虑。但从整体来看,城市捐助人不只是一个为个人利益对城市施恩的群体。对西部城市共餐捐助人群体的考察表明,以地方权贵为主体的城市捐助人,在维护帝国统治、促进城市发展和传播罗马文明等方面发挥了重要作用。The city benefactors played an important role in the society of Rome,mostly appearing between the 1 stand 3 rdcenturies. They financially provided the benefactions for the cities,one of which was the benefaction of the public dining. Through the development during the Republican period,the practice of donating the public meals was not confined to the city of Rome during the Principate. The benefactors of Rome became a model imitated by the city benefactors in other areas. In the cities of Italy and the western provinces of the Empire,the city benefactors were consisted of various groups of people in both genders,however,the majority of these benefactors were local dignitaries. It is seemingly that the private benefactions were mainly based on the self-interests of the benefactors.Nevertheless,the overall group of city benefactors did not provide their benefactions for mere personal benefits. This investigation on the group of benefactors of public dining in the western cities of the Roman Empire demonstrates that these benefactors,most of whom were local elites,played an essential role in maintaining the ruling of the Roman Empire,promoting the urban development and spreading the Roman civilization.

关 键 词：罗马帝国 城市共餐捐助 城市捐助人 意大利和西部行省城市 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]