宽皮柑橘种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation and Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Germplasm Resources in Mandarin

作　　者：孙珍珠 李秋月 王小柯[1] 赵婉彤 薛杨[1,2] 冯锦英[1,2] 刘小丰 刘梦雨[1] 江东 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆400712 [2]中国农业科学院柑桔研究所,重庆400712

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第22期4362-4372,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2013BAD01B04);重庆市科委重点项目(cstc2016shms-ztzx80004)

摘　　要：【目的】分析宽皮柑橘的表型多样性和遗传变异规律,探讨柑橘种质资源的综合评价方法。【方法】本研究利用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数及方差分析对239份宽皮柑橘的18种表型性状进行多样性分析和性状差异分析,用SPSS进行聚类分析,通过主成分、相关性以及回归分析对宽皮柑橘种质资源进行综合评价和评价指标筛选。【结果】对239份宽皮柑橘表型多样性分析,变异系数结果表明种子数、固酸比、可滴定酸含量及单果重的性状变异比较丰富,果形指数、囊瓣数及可溶性固形物含量的遗传特性相对稳定。遗传多样性指数结果表明,单果重、横径、纵径、囊瓣数、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、还原糖含量及转化糖含量在每一级分布比较均匀,果皮光滑度、种子数及固酸比分级较少,且在每个表现型上的分布不均匀。对5个不同地理来源的宽皮柑橘资源进行方差分析,结果显示来源于美国的宽皮柑橘品种可溶性固形物和转化糖的含量平均值高于其他地理来源;来源于日本的宽皮柑橘单果重、横径和纵径大于其他地理来源,种子数显著少于其他地理来源;来源于长江流域的宽皮柑橘品种的果型、可溶性固形物、转化糖及还原糖含量大于珠江流域,但固酸比显著低于珠江流域。对野生品种、地方品种、选育品种3种不同类型的宽皮柑橘性状作方差分析,选育品种呈现果型大、果皮光滑、种子少、酸度低、糖度高等特点。系统进化树和主成分分析图均表明不同地理来源、不同类型的宽皮柑橘在遗传水平上存在明显差异,中国小果资源可作为一个独立类群,青皮蜜橘是一份独特的柑橘资源。主成分分析发现,前9个主成分的累计贡献率达81.94%,表明这9个主成分包含了宽皮柑橘表型性状的大部分信息。表型性状的综合评价分析表明,239份宽皮柑橘综合评价F值均值为0.480,来【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate some major phenotypic characteristics diversity of mandarin germplasms and explore the comprehensive method for screening important mandarin germplasm resources. 【Method】The diversity evaluation of 18 phenotypic traits in 239 mandarin accessions were carried out. Variation coefficients, Shannon-Weaver Information index cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics. 【Result】Based on the variation coefficient of 239 mandarins, large variations were found in the traits of seed numbers per fruit（SNF）, the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity（TSS/TA）, the contents of titratable acid（TA）, fruit weight（FW）, while genetic characteristics of fruit shape index（FSI）, segment numbers per fruit（SNPF）, the contents of total soluble solids（TSS） kept relatively stable. Shannon-Weaver Information index showed that the diversity level of FW, fruit diameter（FD）, fruit length（FL）, SNPF, petiole length（PL）, leaf lamina length（LLL）, leaf lamina width（LLW）, the contents of reducing sugar（RS） and invert sugar（IS） were high, while fruit surface texture（FST）, SNF, TSS/TA had low diversity level. The variance analysis was conducted to evaluate the trait difference of 239 mandarin accessions, which divided into five different geographical origins. The result showed that mandarin accessions from America have higher average contents of TSS and IS; the mandarin accessions from Japan have larger FW, FD and FL and lower SNF. Mandarin accessions from the Yangtze River Basin were larger fruit size, higher contents of the TSS, RS and IS than the Pearl River Basin, but lower TSS/TA. Variance analysis for wild germplasms, landraces and bred varieties showed that bred accessions have larger fruits, smoother peels, fewer seeds, lower contents of TA and higher contents of su

关 键 词：宽皮柑橘 表型多样性 不同地理来源 综合评价 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]