抽穗扬花期不同灌水处理对晚稻抵御低温、产量和生理特性的影响  

Effects of different irrigation treatments during heading and flowering stage on cold resistance,yield and physiological characteristics of late rice

作　　者：曹娜 陈小荣[1] 贺浩华[1] 朱昌兰[1] 才硕 徐涛 谢亨旺 刘方平 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/江西省超级稻工程技术研究中心/双季稻现代化生产协同中心,南昌330045 [2]江西省灌溉试验中心站,南昌330201

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第12期3935-3944,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406025);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403002);江西农业大学研究生创新基金项目(NDYC2015-S004)资助~~

摘　　要：以超级杂交晚稻品种‘五丰优T025’为材料,设置日排夜灌,灌溉水深4~5 cm(H_1);日排夜灌,灌溉水深8~10 cm(H_2);深水灌溉,保持水深8~10 cm(H_3)等3个处理,以稻田湿润处理水层0~1 cm为对照,研究了抽穗扬花期遭遇低温条件下不同灌水方式和水层深度对双季晚稻生理特性及产量的影响.结果表明:低温期间,不同灌水处理叶片、土层和冠层温度较对照均有所提高,其中H_2处理增温效果最好.低温胁迫下各处理稻株叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度均逐渐降低,其中H_2处理降低幅度最小;H_2处理叶片丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量上升幅度最小,可溶性蛋白含量高于其余处理,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶增幅最小,过氧化氢酶下降幅度最小.灌水保温均可达到增产效果,以H2处理效果最佳,遭遇低温的2014年和2015年第二播期H_2处理分别比对照增产12.9%和13.5%;从产量结构上看,各处理较对照在单株有效穗数、穗长、结实率、千粒重上均有一定的改善,日排夜灌8~10 cm水深处理是增强双季杂交晚稻抽穗扬花期低温抵御能力较为实用的农艺措施.Taking super hybrid rice variety ‘Wufengyou T025＇ as test material,the effects of different irrigation methods and water layer depth on physiological characteristics and yield in doubleseason late rice under low temperature conditions during heading and flowering stage were investigated.Three treatments were set,i.e.,draining during day and containing 4-5 cm water layer during night（H1）,draining during day and containing 8-10 cm water layer during night（H2）,and containing 8-10 cm water layer day and night（H3）,with the 0-1 cm water layer day and night was as the control（CK）.The results showed that rice leaf temperature,soil layer temperature and canopy temperature under the different irrigation treatments were higher than that of CK,and the warming effect of treatment H2 was the best during the low temperature period.Leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,leaf stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of rice plants decreased gradually under the low temperature,while the smallest reduction occurred in H2.The increase ranges of malondialdehyde and proline content in H2 were lower,while its soluble protein content was the highest compared with other irrigation treatments.The increase ranges for the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in H2 were lower,while its decrease range for the activity of catalase was the lowest.Irrigation for heat preservation could increase the yield,and H2 performed best.Yield of H2 at the second sowing date in 2014 and 2015 encountering low temperature increased by 12.9% and 13.5% respectively compared to CK.The yield components including the effective panicle numbers per plant,panicle length,seed setting rate and 1000-grain mass were improved in all irrigation treatments compared to CK.Draining during day and containing 8-10 cm water layer during night（H2） was the most effective agronomic measure to enhance the tolerance to low temperature during heading and flowering stage for double-season hybrid late rice

关 键 词：晚稻 抽穗扬花期 低温 灌水 产量 生理特性 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]