中国特有珍稀水生植物海菜花的生物学特性、濒危原因及保护  

Biological Characteristics,Endangered Cause and Conservation Strategies for Rare Aquatic Species Ottelia acuminata

作　　者：翟书华[1] 樊传章[1] 刘开庆[1] 侯思名[1] 王定康[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明学院生命科学与技术系,云南昆明650214

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第23期102-106,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31360065);云南省教育厅"十二五"优势特色重点学科(生态学)资助项目

摘　　要：海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)为中国特有的珍稀濒危水生植物,属国家三级濒危保护植物。通过20余年来对海菜花资源现状、生物学特性和生态学特征的调查,结合栽培观察和试验,探讨了海菜花的濒危原因,提出了保护措施。海菜花濒危既有自身因素也有人为因素。首先海菜花固有的生物学特性限制了其种群数量的增加,其次是人类干扰、水体环境污染、富营养化、藻类的抑制和水生动物的啃食、人类过度采捞等成为导致海菜花植物濒危的重要原因。建议保护生长地的水资源,有效地保护海菜花的生长环境和种群,从而实现就地保护;开展海菜花引种驯化和科学研究,实施迁地保护,不断增加海菜花的种群数量。The unique rare aquatic Ottelia acuminata is listed the third class national endangered plant in China. In this study,the cause of being in imminent danger for Ottelia acuminata was discussed by the way of combining the investigation on Ottelia acuminata resources, biological and ecological characteristics with the observation of its cultivars over 20 years, and the conservation strategies of Ottelia acuminata were thus proposed. Both natural factors and human factors were revealed in this study. The results showed that such factors as the limitation of inherent biological characteristics to its population quantity, human interference, water eutrophication, algae restraint, nibbling of aquatic animals and human excessive dredging might become the significant reasons causing endangered Ottelia acuminata. It was proposed in this study that some effective conservation strategies of Ottelia acuminata should be taken by protecting its water resources in original residence, its growth environment and populations so as to realize insitu conservation, besides, some ex-situ conservation strategies of Ottelia acuminata as introduction and domestication and scientific research should also be taken to increase its population of Ottelia acuminata.

关 键 词：海菜花 生物学特性 珍稀植物 濒危原因 保护措施 

分 类 号：S645.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]