近世日本的村落财政与村落共同体  

The Village Finance and the Village Community in Early Modern Japan

作　　者：郑辟楚 

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,博士研究生天津300071

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2017年第4期60-71,共12页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"中日古代社会结构比较研究"(BSS015)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在村请制的制度背景下,近世日本村落拥有独立的财政——"村入用"。其支出既包括村落为实现封建领主对村落的统治所需的各项费用,又包括村落内部各项事务的开支费用。由于村落开支多为临时性的,一般由村役人特别是由名主先行垫付。村民分摊、村落独自收益、村落借款等构成了村入用的收入来源。封建领主迫于农民斗争压力,规定村役人制作村入用账,以防止村役人在村入用运行过程中出现舞弊行为。村落独自实行村入用在村落共同体的构建中发挥着重要作用,加强了村落内部的凝聚力和独立性。Under the background of Murauke( む ら う け せ い ど) system, the villages in Edo period were financially independent with Mura Nyuyo( むらにゅうよう). The expenses included the expenses of ruling the villages by the feudal lords and the expenses of the village in dealing with their internal affairs. For most of the expenses are casual, they were generally paid by the village officers or Myoshu in advance, and then shared by the villagers or paid by the income of the village and the village loan. Affected by the struggles of the peasants, the feudal lords ordered that the village officers should make Mura Nyuyo accounts to prevent the village officers' corruptions in the operation of Mura Nyuyo. The independent financial system of Mura Nyuyo played an important role in construction of the village community, strengthened the cohesion and independence within the village.

关 键 词：近世日本 村入用 村入用账 村落共同体 村役人 

分 类 号：F811.9[经济管理—财政学]