Daily extreme precipitation and trends over China  

作　　者：SUN Jun ZHANG FuQing 

机构地区：[1]National Meteorological Center,China Meteorological Administration [2]Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences,and Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Techniques,Pennsylvania State University,University Park

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2017年第12期2190-2203,共14页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest(Grant No.GYHY201306011);the Research on Key Prediction Technology of Warm Sector Rainstorm(Grant No.YBGJXM(2017)1A-01);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41475041)

摘　　要：Based on daily precipitation data of more than 2000 Chinese stations and more than 50 yr, we constructed time series of extreme precipitation based on six different indices for each station: annual and summer maximum(top-1) precipitation,accumulated amount of 10 precipitation maxima(annual, summer; top-10), and total annual and summer precipitation.Furthermore, we constructed the time series of the total number of stations based on the total number of stations with top-1 and top-10 annual extreme precipitation for the whole data period, the whole country, and six subregions, respectively. Analysis of these time series indicate three regions with distinct trends of extreme precipitation:(1) a positive trend region in Southeast China,(2) a positive trend region in Northwest China, and(3) a negative trend region in North China. Increasing(decreasing)ratios of 10–30% or even >30% were observed in these three regions. The national total number of stations with top-1 and top-10 precipitation extremes increased respectively by 2.4 and 15 stations per decade on average but with great inter-annual variations.There have been three periods with highly frequent precipitation extremes since 1960:(1) early 1960 s,(2) middle and late 1990 s,and(3) early 21 st century. There are significant regional differences in trends of regional total number of stations with top-1 and top-10 precipitation. The most significant increase was observed over Northwest China. During the same period, there are significant changes in the atmospheric variables that favor the decrease of extreme precipitation over North China: an increase in the geopotential height over North China and its upstream regions, a decrease in the low-level meridional wind from South China coast to North China, and the corresponding low moisture content in North China. The extreme precipitation values with a50-year empirical return period are 400–600 mm at the South China coastal regions and gradually decrease to less than 50 mm in Northwest China. The mean increase ratBased on daily precipitation data of more than 2000 Chinese stations and more than 50 yr, we constructed time series of extreme precipitation based on six different indices for each station： annual and summer maximum（top-1） precipitation,accumulated amount of 10 precipitation maxima（annual, summer; top-10）, and total annual and summer precipitation.Furthermore, we constructed the time series of the total number of stations based on the total number of stations with top-1 and top-10 annual extreme precipitation for the whole data period, the whole country, and six subregions, respectively. Analysis of these time series indicate three regions with distinct trends of extreme precipitation：（1） a positive trend region in Southeast China,（2） a positive trend region in Northwest China, and（3） a negative trend region in North China. Increasing（decreasing）ratios of 10–30% or even 〉30% were observed in these three regions. The national total number of stations with top-1 and top-10 precipitation extremes increased respectively by 2.4 and 15 stations per decade on average but with great inter-annual variations.There have been three periods with highly frequent precipitation extremes since 1960：（1） early 1960 s,（2） middle and late 1990 s,and（3） early 21 st century. There are significant regional differences in trends of regional total number of stations with top-1 and top-10 precipitation. The most significant increase was observed over Northwest China. During the same period, there are significant changes in the atmospheric variables that favor the decrease of extreme precipitation over North China： an increase in the geopotential height over North China and its upstream regions, a decrease in the low-level meridional wind from South China coast to North China, and the corresponding low moisture content in North China. The extreme precipitation values with a50-year empirical return period are 400–600 mm at the South China coastal regions and gradually decrease to less than 5

关 键 词：Extreme precipitation(EP) Extreme precipitation event(EPE) Time series Total annual number of stations Extreme event return level 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]