7种农药对管氏肿腿蜂的毒性及初级风险评价  

Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Seven Pesticides to Parasitic Wasp(Scleroderma guani)

作　　者：程沈航 薛明明 隋婧怡 林荣华[2] 任晓东[2] 李敏[2] 傅桂平[2] 于彩虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]农业部农药检定所,北京100125

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2017年第4期270-278,共9页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31471803);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203022)

摘　　要：为评估农药对寄生类自然天敌昆虫的安全性,选择管氏肿腿蜂(Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu)作为受试生物,采用管测药膜法测定了3种杀虫剂、2种除草剂、2种杀菌剂对其致死效应,并根据田间推荐剂量计算暴露量,采用风险商值HQ对杀虫剂进行风险评估。结果显示,与空白对照比较,3种杀虫剂均具明显毒性作用,其中丁硫克百威、吡虫啉和呋虫胺对管氏肿腿蜂的24 h半致死量(24 h-LR50)分别为5.11、2.92和0.06 g a.i.·ha-1,农田内风险商值分别为60.23、16.64和3 105。除草剂和杀菌剂在3倍最大田间推荐剂量作用下,24 h管氏肿腿蜂死亡率均小于50%。上述结果表明,在田间推荐用量下,3种杀虫剂对管氏肿腿蜂的初级风险评价为存在高风险,建议进一步开展高级阶段风险评估或者采取合理的风险管理措施来降低风险;除草剂和杀菌剂对管氏肿腿蜂的风险可接受。In order to evaluate the risk of pesticides to natural enemy parasitic wasps, Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu, as the representative species, were exposed to 3 insecticides, 2 herbicides and 2 fungicides under laboratory condition by the method of contacted film in glass tube. Mortality of wasps was recorded as the toxic endpoint. The risk of pesticides was assessed with Hazard Quotient （HQ）, with calculated exposure based on the recommended application rates. The results showed that compared with that of the control, the acute toxicities of insecticides to S. guani were significantly higher than those of herbicides and fungicides. The 24 h median lethal rates （24 h-LR50 ） of carbosulfan, imidacloprid and dinotefuran were 5.11, 2.92 and 0.06 g a.i.·ha^-1, and the HQ value in field were 60.23, 16.64 and 3105, respectively. When the wasps were exposed to 3 times of the field recommended applica-tion rates of the above-mentioned herbicides and fungicides, the death rates were all lower than 50%. The risks of fungicides and herbicides were acceptable. However, higher tier risk assessment, or even risk management should be used for potential reduction of risk of the three tested insecticides.

关 键 词：农药 管氏肿腿蜂 致死效应 风险商值 风险评价 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]