不同施肥处理对污灌区土壤中Pb、Cu和Zn的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Pb, Cu and Zn forms in Soil from Sewage Irrigation Area

作　　者：李轶[1] 巩俊璐 张辉[1] 杨晓桐 谷士艳[1] 张镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第6期731-736,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省自然基金面上项目(20170540813;2015020635)

摘　　要：为了研究施用沼肥对受到重金属污染土壤的影响,以Pb、Cu、Zn为研究对象,用盆栽的方式,以抗病苏州青油菜为种植作物,选取污灌区土壤,采用改进的BCR连续提取法分析重金属形态,通过基肥与追肥配合施用,研究沼渣与沼液配合施用和猪粪与化肥配合施用对土壤重金属的影响,为沼肥的合理安全利用提供理论依据。试验结果表明:沼渣沼液配合施用可以降低污灌区土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn含量,其含量分别为47.65,178.31,589.13mg·kg^(-1),过量施用沼渣沼液后土壤中Pb含量进一步降低,达到36.23mg·kg^(-1),Cu、Zn含量无明显变化。沼渣沼液配合施用可以降低污灌区土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn有效态含量,其含量分别为34.23,163.13,565.92mg·kg^(-1),过量施用沼渣沼液后,Pb有效态含量有所降低,Cu、Zn有效态含量进一步增加。沼渣沼液配合施用可以增加污灌区土壤中残渣态Pb、Cu、Zn的含量,过量施用沼渣沼液后土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn残渣态含量均有不同程度的减少。猪粪化肥配合施用会增加土壤中Cu、Zn含量以及Pb、Cu、Zn有效态和残渣态含量。施用沼渣+沼液或猪粪+化肥均可以降低污灌区土壤中重金属Pb、Cu、Zn的酸提取态和可还原态百分量之和,但猪粪与化肥配合施用效果优于沼渣与沼液配合施用,且差异显著(p<0.05)。综合考虑沼肥施用和猪粪化肥配合施用对污灌区土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Zn含量、有效态、残渣态及酸提取态和可还原态百分量之和的影响可以得出,施用沼肥可以在一定程度上缓解污灌区土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn对土地和环境造成的风险。In order to study the effect of biogas fertilizer on the contents of different forms of heavy metals（Pb, Cu and Zn） in polluted soil, the research planted Suzhou rape with applying biogas residue ＋ biogas slurry and pig manure ＋ fertilizer, and using BCR continuous extraction method to analyze heavy metal forms in soil.The results showed that after applying biogas residue ＋ biogas slurry, the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn in the soil from the sewage irrigation area were reduced by 47.65 mg·kg^-1,178.31 mg·kg^-1 and 589.13 mg·kg^-1, and the content of Pb in the soil decreased further in excessive application of biogas slurry,reaching 36.23 mg·kg^-1, and the contents of Cu and Zn did not change significantly. The content of effective Pb, Cu and Zn in the polluted soil were 34.23 mg·kg^-1, 163.3 mg·kg^-1 and 565.92 mg·kg^-1. After the excessive application of biogas slurry, the content of effective Pb was decreased, and the effective contents of Cu and Zn were further increased. The content of residual Pb, Cu and Zn in the soil were increased by the application of biogas residue ＋ biogas slurry. And after the excessive application of biogas slurry, the contents of residual Pb, Cu and Zn in the soil were reduced. The application of pig manure ＋fertilizers could increase the contents of Cu, Zn and the content of effective and residual Pb, Cu, Zn in soil. The both fertilization treatments could reduce the sum of acid extractable and reducible forms of heavy metals of Pb, Cu and Zn in polluted soil, and the effect of pig manure ＋ chemical fertilizer was better than that of biogas residue ＋ biogas slurry（p〈0.05）.Considering the two fertilization treatments on the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn in total, available, residual and AR（the sum ofacid extractable and recoverable percentages）in soil could be obtained that the application of biogas residue ＋ biogas slurry could alleviate the risk of Pb, Cu and Zn in soil and environment.

关 键 词：沼肥 污灌区 重金属Pb、Cu、Zn 形态 油菜 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X71[农业科学—农业工程]