宁夏中部干旱带马铃薯膜下滴灌补灌参数试验研究  

An Experimental Study on Supplemental Irrigation Parameters of Mulch Drip Irrigation for Potato in Arid Area of Middle Ningxia

作　　者：张乐 尹娟[1,2,3] 王怀博 ZHANG Le;YIN Juan;WANG Huai-bo(College of Civil and Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750021;Ningxia Research Center for Technology on Water-saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation, Yinchuan 750021;Ningxia Hydraulic Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程中心,银川750021 [3]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,银川750021 [4]宁夏水利科学研究院,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2017年第12期5-7,12,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B07);宁夏科技攻关计划重大专项项目(2011ZDN04);宁夏科技支撑计划项目"特色作物高效节水新品种新技术集成与示范";宁夏大学一流学科项目(030900000003)

摘　　要：开展田间马铃薯膜下滴灌补灌试验,研究不同补灌处理对马铃薯耗水量、光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响,得出适宜的补灌处理方案。结果表明:全生育期耗水量随补灌定额的增大而增大;光合速率变化曲线呈双峰凸抛物线型,在块茎膨大期进行补灌有利于提高马铃薯叶片的光合速率;蒸腾速率与光合速率有相似的变化规律,在块茎膨大期进行补灌对蒸腾速率的影响较为明显;处理F5产量最高,为32790 kg/hm2,一定范围的补灌定额可以提高产量,当补灌定额超过675 m3/hm2时,产量与补灌定额不再呈正相关关系;处理F5的灌溉水利用效率和水分生产效率最大,分别为48.58 kg/m3和19.0 kg/m3;处理F8日平均水分利用效率最大,为1.55μmol/mmol,其次为处理F5,为1.25μmol/mmol。综上,处理F5是最佳的补灌方案。An field experiment of potato supplemental drip irrigation is carried out to analyze the effects of different supplemental irrigation treatments on water consumption of potato, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency to obtain the suitable scheme. The results show that the water consumption in the whole period growth increases with the increase of irrigation quota ; the photosynthetic rate change curve shows a convex himodal parabolic type, and supplemental irrigation is conducive to the improvement of potato leaf photosynthetic rate in tuber enlargement stage ; transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate have the similar change rule, and supplemental irrigation in the tuber expansion period has significant effect on transpiration rate ; the treatment F5 has the highest yield of a range of 32 790 kg per hectares; suitable irrigation quota can improve the yield, when irrigation quota exceeds 675 m^3 per hectares, yield will no longer be positively correlated with irrigation water quantity;the F5 treatment has the largest irrigation water use efficiency of 48.58 kg/m^3 and the largest water production efficiency of 19.0 kg/m^3 ; the F8 treatment has the largest average water use efficiency of 1.55μmol/mmol,followed by the treatment of F5 with the water use efficiency of 1.25μmol/mmol. In summary, the F5 treatment is the best irrigation scheme.

关 键 词：马铃薯 宁夏中部干旱带 膜下滴灌 补灌参数 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]