干旱区荒漠植被生态需水量计算方法研究  

A Study on Estimation Method for Ecological Water Requirement of Desert Vegetation in Arid Area

作　　者：彭飞[1] 何新林[1] 刘兵[1] 张少博[1] 张叶[1] PENG Fei;HE Xin-lin;LIU Bing;ZHANG Shao-bo;ZHANG Ye(College of Water Resources Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, Chin)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2017年第12期90-93,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51469028);国家科技支撑项目(2014BAC14B01;2015BAD20B03)

摘　　要：潜水蒸发法和面积定额法是计算植被生态需水量的常用方法,而目前研究中,仅运用一种方法进行干旱区生态需水量的计算,为了解决其计算方法单一、研究结果合理性存在争议,并确定干旱区荒漠植被合理生态需水量计算方法的问题,研究以2013年塔里木河干流上游区为参考区域,通过遥感技术解译该地区各荒漠植被的面积,运用潜水蒸发法和面积定额法计算该区荒漠植被生态需水量,并计算其相对差值百分比,且与前人的研究成果进行比较,结果分别为54.33%、41.39%、52.78%,其值皆为50%左右,相差较小,表明了潜水蒸发法及面积定额法计算干旱区荒漠植被生态需水的合理性,并通过均值计算确定干旱区荒漠植被合理的生态需水量,即2.65亿m3,可应用于其他干旱地区荒漠植被合理生态需水量的确定。Phreatic evaporation method and quota area method are common methods for estimating ecological water requirement of vegetation. In current research, often only one method of estimating ecological water requirement of arid area, phreatie evaporation method or quota area method is applied, and the calculation method is single and the rationality of the research results is disputed. So the reasonable ecological water requirement of desert vegetation in arid area should be obtained in order to solve these problems. In this study, the upper mainstream of the Tarim River in 2013 is regarded as the research area, the remote sensing technique is used to interpret various desert vegetation area, phreatic evaporation method and quota area are used to estimate the ecological water requirement of desert vegetation, and the percentage of relative difference are obtained, then the results are compared with the former research results. The values are 54.33%,41.39%, 52.78%, respectively. It is indicated that using phreatic evaporation method and quota area method to estimate ecological water requirement of desert vegetation is reasonable; the reasonable ecological water requirement of desert vegetation in arid area, which can be obtained by average value, is 2.65x 10s m3. So the methods can be applied to estimate the reasonable ecological water requirement of desert vegetation in other arid area.

关 键 词：潜水蒸发法 面积定额法 荒漠植被 生态需水 干旱区 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程] X143[农业科学—农业工程]