真空开关电弧对阳极加热作用的仿真研究  

Simulation Research of Heating Process in Anode by Vacuum Arc

作　　者：向川[1] 黄智慧[2] 董华军[3] 邹积岩[2] XIANG Chuan;HUANG Zhihui;DONG Huajun;ZOU Jiyan(School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学轮机工程学院,大连116026 [2]大连理工大学电气工程学院,大连116024 [3]大连交通大学机械工程学院,大连116028

出　　处：《高电压技术》2017年第12期3929-3937,共9页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51507025;51477023);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3132015029;3132014321)~~

摘　　要：真空开关电弧对阳极的加热过程是影响真空开关开断能力的关键物理进程之一。为此建立了阳极热过程模型,综合考虑焦耳加热、热传导和空间热辐射等作用,加载前期真空电弧仿真所得的阳极表面热流密度边界条件,采用显热容法处理相变潜热,对真空开关开断电流过程中阳极加热过程及弧后冷却过程展开研究,分析了阳极温度、熔融区尺寸、表面蒸气压和蒸汽流量密度等的变化情况。研究结果表明:1)阳极最高温度出现时刻滞后于电流峰值时刻2~3 ms。2)典型燃弧参数条件下,t=8 ms时阳极温度最高,熔融区尺寸最大;弧后阳极温度初始下降速度快,在t=12 ms后熔融区消失。3)随着电弧电流峰值增大,阳极中心点温度升高,熔融区存在时间延长,弧后短暂时间内阳极表面蒸气压和蒸气流量密度很高,将影响间隙介质恢复过程。The heating process in the anode by vacuum arc is one of key physics process influencing the interruption capacity of vacuum circuit breaker（VCB）. Consequently, we established an anode thermal model considering the Joule heating, thermal conduction, and radiation. Then we used the heat flux density（HFD） on the anode surface calculated by a previous numerical simulation of vacuum arc as a boundary condition, and adopted the sensible heat capacity method to analyze the latent heat. Moreover, we studied the anode heating process and post-arc cooling process during the current interruption of VCB, and analyzed the evolution of anode temperature, molten region size, vapor pressure, and vapor flux density. The investigation shown that： 1） the maximum temperature of anode has about 2-3 ms time delay compared with peak current. 2） With the typical arcing parameters, the maximum anode temperature and molten region appear at 8 ms. The anode temperature decreases rapidly after the occurrence of arc. The molten region disappears after 12 ms. 3） With the increase of the peak arc current, the temperature at anode center rises and the existing time of molten region extends. Because the vapor pressure and vapor flux density on anode surface are high after the occurrence of arc, the recovery of dielectric strength will be influenced.

关 键 词：真空开关电弧 阳极温度 阳极熔融区 蒸气压 加热过程 

分 类 号：TM564[电气工程—电器]